A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

LYNCEUS. LYSANDER. 861
thers Astrabacus and Alopecus under a'bush of LYNCEUS, a contemporary of'Propertius, who
willows (Avyos), by which it was surrounded in complains that Lynceus had won the affections of
such a manner that it stood upright. (Paus. iii. his mistress. (Propert. iii. 30.) Lynceus was a
16. ~ 7.) [L. S.] poet, and appears to have written a tragedy on the
LYLLUS. [MYLLUS.] expedition of the Seven against Thebes (Ibid. vv.
LYNCEUS (AtuyKev's). 1. A son of Aegyptus 39-42.)
and Argyphia, and husband of the Danaid Hy- LYNCUS (A6yKros), a king of Scythia, or,
permnestra, by whom he became the father of Abas. according to others, of Sicily, wanted to murder
He was king of Argos, whence that'city is called Triptolemus, who came to him with the gifts of
Avycm5iiov'Apyos (Apollon. Rhod. i. 125). - His Ceres, in order to secure the merit to himself, but
story is, that when the Danaides, by the desire of he was metamorphosed by the goddess into a lynx
their father, killed their husbands in one night, (Ov. Alet. v. 650, &c.; Serv. ad Aen. i. 327).
Hypermnestra alone spared the life of her hus- Another person of the same name occurs in Quinband Lynceus. Danaus thereupon kept his dis- tus Smyrnaeus (xi. 90). [L. S.]
obedient daughter in strict confinement, but was LYRCUS (AtpKos), the name of two mythical
afterwards prevailed upon to give her to Lynceus, personages. (Paus. ii. 25. ~ 4; Parthen. Erot.
who succeeded him on the throne of Argos (Apollod. i.) [L. S.]
ii. 1. ~ 5, 2. ~ 1; Paus. ii. 16. ~ 1; Ov. Heroid. LYSANDER (AlvaavYpos), of Sparta, was the
14). The cause of Hypermnestra sparing Lynceus son of Aristocleitus or Aristocritus, and, according
is not the same in all accounts (Schol. ad Pind. to Plutarch, of an Heracleid family. Aelian and
Nem. x. 10, ad Eurip. Hecub. 869, ad Pind. Pytl. Athenaeus tell us that: he rose to the privileges of
ix. 200). It is also said that she assisted her hus- citizenship from the condition of a slave (uboewr),
band in his eseape from the vengeance of Danaus, and Muiller thinks that he was of a servile origin,
that he fled to Lyrceia (Lynceia), and from thence as well as Callicratidas and Gylippus; while Thirlgave a sign with a torch that he had safely arrived wall supposes them to have been the offspring of
there; Hypermnestra returned the sign from the marriages contracted by freemen with women of
citadel of Argos, and in commemoration of this inferior condition, and to have been originally in
event the Argives celebrated every year a festival legal estimation on a level with the ~'o'wves, or
with torches (Paus. ii. 25. ~ 4; comp. ii. 19. ~ 6, favoured. helot children, who were educated in their
21. ~ 1, 20. ~ 5). When Lynceus received the master's family together with his sons. (Plut. Lys.
news of the death of Danaus from his son Abas, 2; Pans. vi. 3; Ael. V. H. xii. 43; Athen. vi.
Lynceus gave to Abas the shield of Danaus, which p. 271, f; Miller, Dor. iii. 3 ~ 5; Thirlwall's
had been dedicated in the temple of Hera, and in- Greece, vol. iv. p.'374; Mitford's Greece, ch. xx.
stituted games in honour of Hera, in which the sect. 2, note 4.)
victor received a shield as his prize (Hygin. Fab. In B. C. 407, Lysander was sent out to succeed
273). According to some, Lynceus slew Danaus Cratesippidas in the command of the fleet, the
and all the sisters of Hypermnestra, in revenge for' Spartans, as it would appear, having been induced
his brothers (Schol. ad Eurip. Hecub. 869; Serv. to appoint him, partly because his ability marked
ad Aen. x. 497). Lynceus and his wife were re- him as fit to cope with Alcibiades, partly that they
vered at Argos as heroes, and had a common sanc- might have the advantage of his peculiar talents of
tuary, and their tomb was shown there not far supple diplomacy at the court of Cyrus the Younger.
from the altar of Zeus Phyxius (Hygin. Fab. 168;' (Comp. Cic. De Off. i. 30, De Senect. 17.) Having
Paus. ii. 21. ~ 2). Their statues stood in the increased his fleet to seventy ships by reinforcetemple at Delphi, as a present from the Argives. ments gathered at Rhodes, Cos, and Miletus, he
(Paus. x. 10. ~ 2.) sailed to Ephesus; and, when Cyrus arrived at
2. A son of Aphareus and Arene, and brother of Sardis, he proceeded thither, and so won upon the
Idas, was one of the Argonauts and famous for his prince as to obtain'from him an increase in the pay
keen sight, whence the proverb 6tv'repov BX'Teyv of the sailors; nor could Tissaphernes, acting
ro AvUyie'os (Apollod. i. 8. ~ 2, 4.'~ 17, iii. ] 0. ~ doubtless under the instructions of Alcibiades,
3). He is also mentioned among the Calydonian succeed in his efforts to induce Cyrus even to rehunters, and was slain by Pollux (i. 8. ~ 2, iii. 11. ceive an Athenian embassy. Lysander fixed his
~ 2; comp. Pind. Nem. x. 21, 115, &c.; Apollon. head-quarters at Ephesus, of the later prosperity
Rhod. i. 151, &c., iv. 1466, &c.; Aristoph. Plut. and magnificence of which he is said by Plutarch
210). to have laid the foundation, by the numbers he
There are two other mythical personages of this attracted thither as to a focus of trade. After his
name. (Hygin. Fab. 173; Apollod. ii.7. ~ 8.) [L.S.] victory at Notium over Antiochus [see Vol. I.
LYNCEUS (Avyies), of Samos, the disciple pp. 100, b, 193, b],'he proceeded to organise a'
of Theophrastus, and the brother of the historian number of oligarchical clubs and factions in the
Duris, was a contemporary of Menander, and his several states, by means of the men who seemed
rival in comic poetry. He survived Menalider, fittest for the purpose in each; and the jealousy
upon whom he wrote a book. He seems to'have with which he regarded CALLICRATIDAS, his sucbeen more distinguished as a grammarian and his- cessor in B. c. 406, and the attempts he made to
torian than as a comic poet; for, while only one of thwart and hamper him, may justify the suspicion
his comedies'is mentioned (the KIerTavpos), we that his object, in the establishment of these assohave the titles of the following works of his: - ciations, was rather the extension of his own perA1yuvrrreaKcd,'Anropa'rlsoveJ'pa'a,'A7ro(pOfy/ara, sonal influence than the advancement of his coun-:'Erier'oAa; bei7rvvlrca[, 7E'Xvm' 6O4VutKr. (Suid. try's cause. His power and reputation among the
s. v.; Athen. viii. p. 337, d., et passim; Plut. De- Spartan allies in Asia were certainly great, for, in
metr. 27; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 134, ed. a congress at Ephesus, they determined to send
Westermann; Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. ambassadors to Lacedaemon requesting that Ly-'
p.45.8; Clinton,Fast. Hell.vol.iii.p.498.). [P. S.] sander might be appointed to the command of the