A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

860 LYDIADES. LYGODESMA.
monarchical government to be the best' for his Se.. Nuim. i'iid. 6, p. 552; Paus. viii.'27. ~ 12fellow-citizens. (Plut. A-nat. 30; Paus. viii. 27. 15.)
~ 12.) So far as we are able to judge, his elevation 2. A native of Megalopolis, one of the three
appears to have taken place about the time that ambassadors sent by the Achaeans to Rome in B. C.
* Antigonus Gonatas made himself master of Corinth, 179, in pursuance of the views of Lycortas. (Polyb.
B. C. 244. (Droysen, Helienisrm. vol. ii. p. 372.) xxvi. 1.) It was on this occasion that Callicrates,
We find him mentioned by Pausanias as one of who was head of the embassy, betrayed the inthe commanders of the forces of Megalopolis at terests of his country to the Romans. [CALLIthe battle of Mantineia against Agis IV., king of CRATES.] [E. H. B.]
Sparta (Paus. viii. 10. ~~ 6, 10); but the date of LYDUS (Avuos), a son of Atys and Callithea,
that battle is unknown. From his being associated and brother of Tyrrhenus or Torybus, is said to
on that occasion with another general, Leocydes, have been the mythical ancestor of the Lydians.
we may perhaps infer that he had not then esta- (Herod. i. 7,'94; Dionys. Hal. i. 27, &c.; Strab.
blished himself in the absolute power. If the date v. p. 219.) [L. S.]
above assigned to the commencement of his reign LYDUS, JOANNES. [JOANNES, No. 79.]
be correct, he had held the sovereign power about LY'GDAMIS (Auy6aauis.) 1. The leader of'
ten years, when the progress of the Achaean league the Cimmerians ill their invasion of Lydia. They
and the fame attained by Aratus as its leader, led took Sardis, and were marching towards Ephesus,
him to form projects more worthy of his ambition; to plunder the temple of Artemis, when they sufand after the fall of Aristippus, tyrant of Argos, fered a defeat, which was ascribed to the interinstead of waiting till he should be attacked in his vention of Artemis, and were obliged to retire to
turn, he determined voluntarily to abdicate the Cilicia, where Lygdamis and all his army perished.
sovereignty, and permit Megalopolis to join the Herodotus no doubt alludes to the same invasion of
Achaean league as a free state. This generous the Cimmerians, when he relates that in the reign
resolution was rewarded by the Achaeans by the of Ardys (B. c. 680-631), king of Lydia, the
election of Lydiades to be strategus or commander- Cimmerians, expelled from their own settlements
in-chief of the confederacy the following year, by the Nomad Scythians, invaded Asia, and took
B. C. 233. (Concerning the date see Droysen, vol. Sardis, with the exception of the citadel. (Strab.
ii. p. 438.) His desire of fame, and wish to dis- i. p. 61, xiii. p. 627; Plut. Mar. 11; Callimach.
tinguish the year of his command by some brilliant Hymn. in Dian. 252, &c.; Hesych. s. v. Auyaaiuls;
exploit, led him to project an expedition against Herod. i. 15.)
Sparta, which was,' however, opposed by Aratus, 2. Of Naxos, was a distinguished leader of the
who is said to have already begun to be jealous of popular party of the island in their struggle with
his favour andreputation. Lydiades,indeed, threat- the oligarchy. He conquered the latter, and obened- to prove a formidable rival; he quickly rose tained thereby the chief power in the state. With
to such consideration in the' league as to be. deemed the means thus at his disposal, he assisted Peisissecond only to Aratus himself, and notwithstanding tratus in his third return to Athens; but during
the opposition of the latter, was elected strategus his absence his enemies seem to have got the upper
a second and third time, holding that important hand again; for Peisistratus afterwards subdued
office alternately with Aratus. The most bitter the island, and made Lygdamis tyrant of it, about
enmity had by this time arisen between the two; B.c. 540. He also committed to the care of Lygeach strove to undermine the other in the popular damis those Athenians whom he had taken as
estimation; but though Lydiades was unable to hostages. Lygdamis is mentioned again in B. c.
shake the long-established credit of Aratus, he 532 as assisting Polycrates in obtaining the tyranny
himself maintained his ground, notwithstanding the of Samos. He was one of the tyrants whom the
insidious attack's of his rival, -and the suspicion that Lacedaemonians put down, perhaps in their exnaturally attached to one who had formerly borne pedition against Polycrates, B. C. 525. (Aristot.
the name of tyrant. In B. C. 227 the conduct of Pol. v. 5; Athen. viii. p. 348; Herod. i. 61, 64;
Aratus, in avoiding a battle with Cleomenes at Polyaen. i. 23. ~ 2; Plut. Apol#th. Lac. 64.)
Pallantium, gave Lydiades fresh cause to renew 3. The father of Artemisia, queen of Halicarhis attacks, but they were again unsuccessful, and nassus, the contemporary of Xerxes. (Herod. vii.
he was unable to prevent the appointment of 99; Paus. 1ii. ~ 3.) [ARTEMISIA, No. 1.]
Aratus for the twelfth time to the office of strategus, 4. Tyrant of Halicarnassus, the son of Pisindelis,
B. c. 226. His enmity did not, however, prevent and the grandson of Artemisia. The historian
him from taking the field under the command of Herodotus is'said to have taken an active part in
his rival: the two armies under Aratus and Cleo- delivering his native city from the tyranny of this
menes met at a short distance'from Megalopolis, and Lygdamis.. [HERODOTUS, p. 431, b.]
though Aratus' would not consent to bring on a 5. A Syracusan who conquered' in the Pancrageneral engagement, Lydiades, with the cavalry tium in the Olympic games in the 33rd Olympiad.
under his command, charged the right wing of the A monument was erected to him near the Lauenemy and put them to the rout, but being led by tumiae in Syracuse. He is said' to have been equal
his eagerness to pursue them too far, got entangled in size to the Theban Heracles, and to have meain some enclosures, where his troops suffered sured with his feet the Olympic stadium, which,
severely, and he himself fell, after a gallant re- like Heracles, he found to'be only 600 feet in
sistance. His body -was left on the field, but length, whereas, measured by the foot of a man of
Cleomenes had the generosity to honour'a fallen the ordinary size, it was 625 feet. (Paus. v. 8.
foe, and sent it back to Megalopolis,:adorned with ~ 8; African. ap. Euseb.'EXA.'OA. p. 40; Scaliger,
the insignia of royal dignity. Except Cleomenes'Ihrop. ovvay. p. 315; Krause, Olympia, p. 321.)
himself, the later history of Greece presents few LYGDAMUS. [TIBULLUS.]
brighter names than that of Lydiades. (Polyb.' LYGODESMA (AvyoEo-ua), a surname of
ii. 44, 51; Plut. Arat. 30, 35, 37, Cleom. 6, de Artemis whose statue had been found by the bro