A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

7:6 EUDEMUS.; EUDEMUS.
Bayer (lIist. Reyn. Graec. Bactriani, p.'95, &c.) maud of the troops left in India. (Arrian,:Arab.
has inferred theeexistence of a second Eucratides, vi. 27. ~ 5.) After Alexander's death he made himthe son of the preceding, to whom he ascribes the self master of the territories of the Indian king
murder of his father, and this view has been Porus, and treacherously put that monarch to
adopted by MI. Raoul Rochette (Journal des Sav. death. He by this means became very powerful,
1835); but it does not seem to be established on and in 317 B.c. brought to the support of Eumenes
any sufficient grounds. Wilson and Mionnet con- in the war against Antigonus a force of 3500 men
ceive Heliocles to have been the successor of Eucra- and 125 elephants. (Diod. xix. 14.) With these'
tides. (Wilson's Ariana, p. 237; Mionnet, Suppl. he rendered him active service in the first battle in
t. 8,: p. 470.) [HELIOCLES.]' [E. H. B.] Gabiene, but seems nevertheless to have been jeaEUCTE'MON -(EJKTirw V), the astronomer. lous of him, and joined in the conspiracy of Anti[METON.] - genes and Teutamos against him, though he was
EUCTE'MON.(EJICTucov,), a Greek rhetorician afterwards induced to divulge their plans. After
who lived in the early part of the Roman empire. the surrender of Eumenes, Eudemus was put to
He is mentioned only by Seneca, who has pre- death by order of Antigonus, to whom he had
served a few fragments of his -works. (Controv. iii. always shewn a marked hostility. (Diod. xix. 15,
19, 20, iv. 25, v. 30, 34.) [L. S.] 27, 44; Plut. Eum. c. 16.)
EUDAEMON (Evsa[Cwv). 1. The name of two 2. Son of Cratevas and brother of Pithon, was
victors in the Olympian games. One of them was appointed by his brother satrap of Parthia in the
an Egyptian, and won the prize in boxing, but the stead of Philip, whom he displaced. (Diod. xix.
year is not known. (Philostr. Her. ii. 6.) The 14.) [E. H. B.]
other was a native of Alexandria, and gained a EUDE'MUS (Eigrnzos.). 1. An historical
victory in -the:foot-race in O1. 237, or A. D. 169. writer, a native of either Naxos or Paros, who
(African. ap. Euseb. Chron. p. 44, 2d. edit. Scalig.) lived before the time of the Peloponnesian war.
2. A Greek grammarian, and contemporary of (Dionys. Jud. de 7'huc. c. 5; Clem. Alex. Strom..Libanius. He was a native of Pelusium in E.gypt, vi. 2, 26, p. 267; Vossius, de Hist. Gr. p. 440,
and wrote a work on orthography, which is lost, ed. Westermann.)
but is often referred to by Suidas, in the Etymo- 2. A writer, apparently on natural history, who
logicum, and by Stephanus of Byzantium. (s. vv. is frequently quoted by Aelian, in his History of
AMha, AacartcAov, AotdteLov,' Kaures'oZ'rt, and Animals (iii. 21, iv. 8, 43, 45, 56, v. 7).'Opeora; Eudoc. p. 168.) [L.S.] 3. A writer on the history of astronomy and
EUDA'MIDAS (E46audaas). 1. A Spartan of geometry, mentioned by Clemens Alexandrinus
some note, who, when the Chalcidians sent to (Strom. i. p. 130), Diogenes. Laiirtius (i. 23), and
implore aid against Olynthus in B. C. 383, was Proclus (in Euclid. i. 4).
sent at the head of 2000 men. Before his de- 4. A rhetorician, who lived probably in the
parture he prevailed on the ephors to commit the fourth century after Christ. He was the author
-next division which should be sent to the command of a lexicon, lrepl Ae'ewv'Pr1TopLKICv, manuscripts
of his brother Phoebidas. The latter, on his of which are still extant at Paris, Vienna, and
march, seized the Cadmea of Thebes; and in con- other places. His work appears to have been dilisequence of the delay of the main body of the gently used by Suidas, and is mentioned with
troops thus occasioned, Eudamidas could effect but praise by Eudocia. (Suidas, s. v. EMOGIsos; Eudocia,
little. He, however, garrisoned several of the p. 165; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vi. pp. 245,
Chlalcidian towns; and, making Potidaea his head- 632.) [C. P. M.]
quarters, carried on the war without any decisive EUDE'MUS (Eivlyzos). 1. Of Cyprus, to
result. According- to Diodorus, he was worsted in whom Aristotle dedicated the dialogue Ev'371os /
several engagements; and it would appear from Irepl wX~is, which is lost, and known to us only
Demosthenes (de Falsa Legat. p. 425), who speaks by some fragments preserved in Plutarch (Conof three commanders having in this war fallen on solat. ad Apollon. p. 115, b.), and a few other
the side of the Chalcidians and Lacedaemonians, writers. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii. pp. 393,
that' in'one of these encounters Eudamidas was 599; Ionsius, De Script. Historiae Plilosophl. i.
killed. (Xen. Hell. v. 2. ~ 24; Diod. xv. 20, 21.) 15. 3; Wyttenbach, ad Plut. 1. c. p. 765; and the
2. Two kings of' Sparta bore this name. Eu- commentators on Cic. de Divin. i. 25.)
damidas 1I. was the younger son of Archidamus III. 2. Of Rhodes, a contemporary and disciple of
and succeeded his brother Agis III. in B. c. 330. Aristotle. We have no particulars of hislife; but
The exact length of his reign is uncertain, but it that he was one of the most important of Aristotle's
was probably about 30 years. Plutarch (Apophth. ifumerous disciples may be inferred from the anecp. 220,'221) records' some sayings of Eudamidas, dote of Gellius (xiii. 5, where Eudemo must be
which bespeak his peaceful character and policy, read instead of IMenedemo), according to which
which is also attested by Pausanias (iii. 10. ~ 5). Eudemus and Theophrastus were the only disciples
Eudamidas II. was the son of Archidamus IV. whom the Peripatetic school esteemed worthy to
(whom he succeeded) and grandson of Eudamidas I. fill the place of Aristotle after his death. Simpli(Plut. Agis, 3.) He was the father of Agis IV. cius makes mention of a biography of Eudemus,
and Archidamus V. [C. P. M.] supposed to be the work of one Damas or DamasEUDA'MUS (Evsayos), is mentioned by Aris- cius. (Simplic. ad Aristot. Plhys. vi. 216.) Eudemus
tophanes (Plut. 884) as a contemporary, and lived was one of those immediate disciples of Aristotle
therefore in the fifth century B. c. The Scholiast who closely followed their master, and the prininforms us that he was by trade either a druggist cipal, object of whose works was to correct, amplify,
or a goldsmith, and that he sold rings as antidotes and complete his writings and philosophy. It was
against poisons. [W. A. G.] owing to this circumstance, as we learn from the
EUDE'MUS(Ev /reMUos). 1; One of Alexander's ancient critics, that Aristotle's writings were so
generals, Who was appointed, by him to the com- often confounded with those of other authors.