A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

EUCRATES. EUCRATIDES. 7b:' EUCI/EIDES (Eu3KXei8js). 1. A Greek phy- by refusing' to become one of the Thirty Tyrants,
sician, to whom is addressed one of the Letters and was put to death by them. According to
attributed to Theano (Socrat. et Pzythaog.' Epist. Andocides, Eucrates was one of the victims of the
"p. 61, ed. Orell.), and who therefore may be sup- popular ferment about the mutilation of the Hermes
posed to have lived in the fifth century B. c. busts, having been put to death on the information
2. The author of an antidote against venomous of Diocleides. We have a speech of Lysias, comanimals, &c., the composition of which is preserved posed in defence of the son of Eucrates on the
by Galen, de Antid. ii. 10, vol. xiv. p. 162. Eu- occasion of a trial as to whether his hereditary
cleides must have lived in or before the second property should be confiscated or' not. (Lys. de
century after Christ. [W. A. G.] Bonis Niciae frat. c. 2; Andoc. de Myst. c. 1].)
EUCLEIDES. 1. Of Athens, a sculptor, made - 2. A writer: mentioned by Hesychius (s. v.
the statues of Pentelic marble, in the temples of 4eaTpov) as the author of a work entitled'PoasaKd.'Demeter, Aphrodite, and Dionysus, and Eileithuia Athenaeus (iii. p. 111, c.) also mentions a writer
at Bura in Achaia. (Paus. vii. 25. ~ 5.) This of this name. [C. P. M.]
town, as seen by Pausanias, had been rebuilt after EUCRA'TIDES (EtKcpaTr'17s), king of Bactria,
its destruction by an earthquake, in B. c. 37-. was contemporary with Mithridates I. (Arsaces
(Paus. 1. c., comp. ~ 2.) The artist probably flou- VI.), king of Parthia, and appears to have been
rished, therefore, soon after this date. one of the most powerful of the Bactrian kings,
2. A medallist, whose name is seen on the coins and to have greatly extended his dominions; but
of Syracuse. (R. Rochette, Letire a M. le Due de all the events of his reign are involved in the
Lignes, 1831.) [P. S.] greatest obscurity and confusion. It seems proEUCLES (EvKeA;is). L. Of Rhodes, a son of Cal- bable that he established his power in Bactria
lianax and Callipateira, the daughter of Diagoras, proper, while Demetrius, the son of Euthydemus,
belonged to the family of the Eratidae or Diagoridae. still reigned in the Indian provinces south of the
CHe gained a victory in boxing at Olympia, though Paropamisus [DEMETRIUS]; and, in the course of
it is uncertain in what year; and there was a sta- the wars that he carried on against that prince, he
tue of him at Olympia, the work of Naucydes. was at one time besieged by him with very superior
(Paus. vi. 6. ~ 1, 7. ~ 1.) The Scholiast on Pin- forces for a space of near five months, and with
dar (01. vii. 16) calls him Euclon, and describes difficulty escaped. (Justin, xli. 6.) At a subsehim as a nephew of Callipateira. (Biickh,, Eplicat. quent period, and probably after the death of
ad Pind. 01. vii. p. 166, &c.; DI)IAGORAs, ERA- Demetrius, he made great conquests in northern
TIDAE.) India, so that he was said to have been lord' of a
2. A son of Hippon of Syracuse, was one of the thousand cities. (Strab.xv. p. 686.) Yet in thelater
three new commanders who were appointed in years of his reign he appears to have suffered heavy
B. C. 414. Subsequently he was one of the com- losses in his wars against Mithridates, king of
manders of the fleet which the Syracusans sent to Parthia, who wrested from him several of his proMiletus to assist Tissaphernes against the Athe- vinces (Strab. xi. pp. 515, 517), though it seems
nians. (Thuc. vi. 103; Xen. Hell. i. 2. ~ 8.) A impossible to admit the statement of Justin
third person of this name is Eucles, who was archon (xli. 6), that the Parthian king conquered
at Athens in B. c. 427. (Thuc. iv. 104.) [L. S.] all the dominions of Eucratides, even as far as
EUCLOUS (EkXkovs), an ancient Cyprian India. It appears certain at least, from the same
soothsayer, who, according to- Pausanias (x. 12. author, that Eucratides retained possession of
~ 6, 14. ~ 3, 24. ~ 3), lived before the time of Ho- htl Indian dominions up to the time of his death,
mer, who, as he predicted, was to spring from and that it was on his return from thence to
Cyprus. Pausanias quotes some lines professing Bactria that he was assassinated by his son, whom
to be the bard's prophecy of this event. The he had associated with himself in the sovereignty.
poem called the Cypsian Poem has been errone- (Justin, xli. 6.) The statements of ancient authors
ously supposed to have been of his composition. concerning the power and greatness of Eucratides
(Fabric. Bibl. Grcec. vol. i. p. 35.) [C. P. M.] are confirmed by the number of his coins that have
EU'CRATES (EKdCT7ps), the demagogue, ac- been found on both sides of the Paropamisus: on
cording to the Scholiast, alluded to by Aristophanes these he bears the title of " the Great." (Wilson's
(Equit. 130), where he speaks of a flax-seller Ariana, p. 235-237.) ~The date suggested. for
who ruled next but one before Cleon. (Comp. the commencement of his reign by Bayer, and
Equit. 254.) He might possibly be the same as adopted by Wilson, is 181 B. C.; but authorities
the father of Diodotus (Thuc. iii. 41), who spoke differ widely as to its termination, which is placed
against Cleon in the Mytilenaean debate, B. C. 427, by Lassen in 160 B. c., while it is extended by
but it is not very probable. The Eucrates men- Bayer and Wilson to 147 B. C. (See Wilson's
tioned in the Lysistrata (103) of Aristophanes as a Ariana, p. 234-238, where all the points relating
general in Thrace is a different person, and pro- to Eucratides are discussed and the authorities
bably the same as the brother of Nicias spoken of referred to.)
below. [A. H. C.]
EU'CRATES (EtKipaTl's). 1. An Athenian, a
brother of ther of the noted general' Nicias. The few a
notices we have of him are to be found in the
speeches of Andocides and Lysias, and these do
hot tally with each other. According to Lysias,
he was made general by the Athenians, apparently
after the last naval defeat of Nicias in the harbour s
of Syracuse (unless indeed by the'last sea fight
Lysias means the battle of Aegos Potami), and'
shewed his attachment to the principles of liberty' coN OF RUCRATIDES.