A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

84t8 LYCOPHRON.' LYCORTAS.
mercenary force, and maintained their ascendancy 133). Hle is said to have been a very skilful coma
by cruelty and violence. (Xen. Hell. vi. 4. ~ 37; poser of anagrams, of which he wrote several in
Con. Narr. 50; Diod. xvi.'14; Plut. Pel. 35; honour of Ptolemy and Arsinoie.
Clint. IF. H. vol. ii. App. Ch. 15.) In B. C. 352, The only one of his poems which has come down
by which time it seems that Tisiphonus was dead, to us is the Cassandra or Alexandra. This is
Philip of: Macedon,' on. the application of the neither a tragedy nor an epic poem, but a long
Aleuadae and their party, advanced into Thessaly iambic monologue of. 1474 verses, in which Casagainst Lycophron, who was now chief ruler.. The sandra is made to prophesy the fall of Troy, the
latter was aided by the Phocians, at first under adventures of the Grecian and Trojan heroes, with
Phayllus, without success, and then with better numerous other mythological and historical events,
fortune under Onomarchus,' who defeated Philip in going back as early as the Argonauts, the Amazons,
two battles and drove him back into Macedonia; and the fables of Io and Europa, and ending with
lbut soon after Philip entered Thessaly again, and Alexander the Great. The work has no preOnomarchus, having also returned from Boeotia to tensions to poetical merit. It is simply a cumbrous
the assistance of Lycophron, was defeated and store of traditional learning. Its obscurity is proslain. Lycophron, and his brother Peitholaus, verbial. Suidas calls it ocorevwous iroi/Lua, and its
being now left'without resource, surrendered author himself obtained the epithet KcOTsELO's. Its
Pherae to Philip and withdrew from. Thessaly with stores of learning and its obscurity alike excited
2000 mercenaries to join their Phocian allies under the efforts' of the ancient grammarians, several of
Phayllus.' An antithetic sarcasm, quoted by Aris- whom wrote commentaries on the poem: among
totle, seems to imply that they did not -give their them were Theon, Dection, and Orus. The only
services for nothing.'In the hostilities between one of these works which survives, is the Schiolia
Sparta and Megalopolis, in this same year (B. C. of Isaac and John Tzetzes, which are far more
352), we find among the forces of the former 150 valuable than the poem itself.
of the Thessalian cavalry, who had been driven out A question has been raised respecting the idenfrom Pherae with Lycophron and Peitholaus. tity of Lycophron the tragedian and Lycophron
(Diod. xvi. 35-37, 39; Paus. x. 2; Just. viii. the author of the Cassandra. From some lines of
2; Dem. Olynthl. ii. p. 22; Isocr. I-'il. p. 86, b; the poem (1226, &c., 1446, &c.) which refer to
Arist. Rhet. iii. 9. ~ 8.). From the downfall of Roman history, Niebuhr was led to suppose that
Lycophron to the battle of Cynoscephalae, in B. C. the author could not have lived before the time of
J97, Thessaly continued dependent on the kings Flamininus (about B.c. 190); but Welcker, in an
of Macedonia. elaborate discussion of the question, regards thie
6. A Rhodian, was sent by his' countrymen as lines as interpolated.
ambassador to Rome, in B. c. 177, to obtain from The first printed edition of Lycophron was the
the senate, if possible, a more favourable decree Aldine, with Pindar and Callimachus, Venet. 1513,
than that which had just pronounced the Lycians 8vo.; the next was that of Lacisius, with the
to have been assigned by Rome to the Rhodians, Scholia, Basil. 1546, fol.: of the later editions
eleven years before, as allies rather than as sub- the most important are those of Potter, Oxon.
jects. (Pol. xxvi. 7, 8; comp. Liv.'xxxviii. 39, 1697, fol., reprinted 1702; Reichard, Lips. 1783,
xli. 6.)6 [E. E.] 2 vols. 8vo.; and Bachmann, Lips. 1828, 2 vols.
LY'COPHRON (Avicdppwv), the celebrated 8vo.; to which must be added the admirable
Alexandrian grammarian and poet; was a native of edition of the Scholia by C. G. MUller, Lips.
Chalcis in Euboea, the son of -Socles, and the 1811, 3 vols. 8vo. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iii.
adopted son' of the historian Lycus of Rhegium p. 750; Welcker, die Griech. Traygid. pp. 1256(Suid. s. v.). Other accounts made him the son of -1263; Bernhardy, Grundriss d. Griech. Litt. vol.
Lycus (Tzetz, C1li. viii. 481). He lived at Alex- ii. pp. 613, 1026-1029.) [P. S.]
andria, under Ptolemy Philadelphus, who entrusted LYCOPHRO'NIDES (Avcocppovia3s), a lyric
to him the arrangement of the works of the. comic poet, quoted by Clearchus, the disciple of Aristotle.
poets contained in the Alexaildrian library. In (Athen. xiii. p. 564, b., xv. p. 670, e.)
the execution of this commission Lycophron drew'LYCO'REUS (AvKwopEvs). 1. A surname of
up a very extensive work on comedy (repl Kwolp~- Apollo, perhaps in the same sense as Lyceius; but
Wias), which appears to have embraced the whole he is usually so'called'with reference to Lycoreia,
subject of the history and nature' of the Greek on Mount Parnassus. (Apollon. Rhod. iv. 1490;
comedy, together with accounts of the comic poets, Callim. Hymn. in Apoll. 19; Orph. Hymn. 33. 1.)
and, besides this, many matters bearing indirectly 2. A son of Apollo and the nymph Corycia,'
on the interpretation of the comedians (Meineke, from whom Lycoreia, in the neighbourhood of
Hist. Crit. Com. Graec. pp.' 9-11). Nothing Delphi, was believed to have derived its name.
more is known of his life. Ovid (Ibis, 533) states (Palus. x. 6. ~ 2.)
that he was killed by an arrow. - There are two other mythical personages of this
As a poet,.Lycophron obtained a place in the name. (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 51; Serv. ad Aen. ii.
Tragic Pleiad; but there is scarcely a fragment of his 761.). [L. S.]
tragedies extant. Suidas gives the titles of twenty LYCO'RIS was the name under which, C. Corneof Lycophron's tragedies; while Tzetzes (Schol. lius Gallus celebrated in his poems his mistress Cyin Lye. 262, 270). makes their number forty-six or theris. The syllabic quantity of the fictitious name
sixty-four. Four lines of his IexouriarL are quoted is the same as that of the true one, according to the
by Stobaeus (cxix. 13.) He also wrote a satyric rule inferred from Apuleius. (De lIagia Or. vol.
drama, entitled Mev48,meos, in which he ridiculed i. p. 12, ed. -Bipont;see Acro. ad Hor. Sat. i. 2,
his fellow-countryman, the philosopher Menedemus 64; and Bentley's note, Carm. ii. 12.) [CYTHEof Eretria (Ath. x. p.' 420, b.; Diog. Laert. ii. RIS. GALLUS.] [W. B. D.]
140; comp. Menag. ad loe.), who, nevertheless, LYCORTAS (AvKcpTas), of Megalopolis, was
highly prized the tragedies of Lycophron (Diog. ii the father of Polybius, the historian, and the close