A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

LYCOPHRON. LYCOPHRON.- 847
whose convivial qualities are extolled in his epitaph Periander, her father Procles, tyrant of Epidaurus,
by Phalaecus, was probably the same person; and asked her two sons, while staying at his court, if
perhaps also the play of Antiphanes, called "Ly- they knew who- had slain their mother. This
con," had reference to him. (Anth. G'-aec. vol. i. rankled in the mind of Lycophron, and, on his rep. 210, vii. p. 246, ed. Jacobs; Meineke, Fragm. turn to Corinth, he refused to hold any communiComn. Graec. vol. i. p. 327, iii. p. 80.) [E. E.] cation with his father. Periander drove him from
LYCON (A6Kwov), literary. 1. A'Pythagorean his house, and forbade any one to receive him or
philosopher. (Iamblich. Vit. Pyth. 36.) address him under the penalty of the confiscation
2. Of Iasos, wrote upon Pythagoras. (Ath. ii. of a certain sum to the service of Apollo; but the
p. 47, a., p. 69, e., x. 418, f.; Diog. Lagrt. v. 69.) misery to which he was thus reduced had no effect
It is not clear whether he was the same person as on Lycophron's resolution, and even his father's
the Pythagorean mentioned by Eusebius (Praep. entreaties, that he would recede from his obstinacy;Evang. xv. 2), as a contemporary and a calum- and return home, called forth from him only the
niator of Aristotle. remark *that Periander, by speaking to him, had
3. Of Troas, a distinguished Peripatetic philo- subjected himself to the threatened penalty. Perisopher, who was the son of Astyanak, and the ander then sent him away to Corcyra; but, when
disciple of Straton, whom he succeeded as the head he was himself advanced in years, he summoned
of the Peripatetic school, in the 127th Olympiad, him back to Corinth to succeed to the tyranny,
B. c. 272; and he held that post for more than seeing that Cypselus, his elder son, was unfit to
forty-four years. He resided at Pergamus, under hold it from deficiency of understanding. The
the patronage of Attalus and Eumenes, from whom summons was disregarded, and, notwithstanding a
Antigonus Gonatas of Macedonia in vain sought second message to the' same effect, conveyed by
to entice him (the old reading in the text of Lycophron's sister, and backed by her earnest enLagrtius was Antiochus). On several occasions treaties, he persisted in refusing to return to
his counsel was of great service to the Athenians. Corinth as long as his father was there. Periander
He was celebrated for his eloquence (comp. Cic. then offered to withdraw to Corcyra, if Lycophron
de Fin. v. 5), and for his skill in educating boys. would come home and take the government. To
He paid great attention to the body as well as to this he assented; but the Corcyraeans, not wishing
the mind, and, constantly practising athletic exer- to have Periander among them, put Lycophron to
cises, was exceedingly healthy and robust. Never- death, probably about B. C. 586. (Herod. iii. 50
theless, he died of gout at the age of 74. He was -53; Diog. Lairt. i. 94, 95; comp. Paus. ii.
a bitter rival of Hieronymus the peripatetic. 28.)
Among the writings of Lycon was probably a 2. A Corinthian general, was slain in a battle
work on Characters (similar to the work df Theo- with the Athenians, who had made a descent on
phrastus), a fragment of which is preserved by the Corinthian coast, under Nicias, in B. c. 425.
Rutilius Lupus (de Fig. ii. 7), though the title of (Thuc. iv. 43, 44; Plut. Nic. 6.)
the book is not mentioned by any ancient writer. 3. An Athenian, son of one Lycurgus, and father
It appears from Cicero (Tuse. Disp. iii. 32) and of Lycurgus the orator. The language of the author
Clement of Alexandria (St7rom. ii. p. 497), that he of the Lives of the Ten Orators is such as to leave
wrote on the boundaries of good and evil (De it doubtful whether it was Lycophron or his father
~Finibus). A work of his on the nature of animals Lycurgus who was put to death by the thirty
is quoted by Appuleius (Apol. p. 42). In his will, tyrants. (Paus. i. 29; Pseudo-Plut. Pit. X. Orlat
as preserved by Diogenes Lairtius, there is a re- Lye. ad init.; Clint. F. HI. sub anno 337.)
ference to his writings, but no mention of their 4. A citizen of Pherae, where he put down the
titles. government of the nobles and established a tyranny.
Diogenes states, that on account of his sweet Aiming further at making himself master of the
eloquence, his name was often written riKowv. whole of Thessaly, he overthrew in a battle, with:
The fact appears to be that the guttural was origi- great slaughter (B. c. 404),- the Larissaeans and'
nally a part of the word. (Diog. La'rt. v. 65- others of the Thessalians, who opposed him, adhe74; Ruhnken, ad Rutil. Lup. I.c., Opuse. vol. i. rents, no doubt, of the Aleuadae. (Xen. Hell. ii. 3.
p. 393; Jonsius, Script. Hist. Philos. vol. iv. p. ~ 4.) Schneider (ad Xen. 1. c.) conjectures that
340; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. i. p. 851, vol. iii. p. the troops and money obtained in the preceding
498.) [P. S.] year by Aristippus of Larissa from Cyrus the:
LYCO'PEUS (AvcwncrVs),' a son of Agrios, and Younger were intended to resist the attempts of
uncle of Tydeus, by whom he was slain. (Apollod. Lycophron (Xen. Anab. i. 1. ~ 10). In B. C. 395,;
i. 8. ~ 6; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 971.) [L. S.] Medius of Larissa, probably the head of the Aleu-,
LYCOPHONTES (Av1oo~pvTs), a son of Au- adae, was engaged in war with Lycophron, who
tophonus, a Theban, who, in conjunction with was assisted by Sparta, while Medius received:
Macon, lay in ambush, with 50 men, against Ty- succours from the opposite confederacy of Greek
deus, but was slain by him. (Hom. I1. iv. 395.) states, which enabled him to take Pharsalus.
There is also a Trojan of this name. (Hom. II. (Diod. xiv. 82;) Of the manner and period of'
viii. 275.).[L. S.] Lycophron's death we know nothing. He was:
LYCOPHRON (AvKccoo)pwv), a son of Mastor, probably the father of JASON of Pherae.
who had been obliged'to quit his native place 5. A son, apparently, of Jason,. and one of the
Cythera, on account of a murder he had committed. brothers of Thebe, wife of Alexander,. the tyrantHe accompanied the Telamonian Ajax against of Pherae, in whose murder he took part together
Troy, where he was slain by Hector. (Hom. I. with his sister and his two brothers, Tisiphonns
xv. 430, &c.) [L. S.] and Peitholaus. On Alexander's death the power'LY'COPHRON (AuKosP0pwv). 1. The younger appears to have been wielded mainly by Tisiphonus,:
son'of Periander, tyrant of Corinth, by his wife though Diodorus says that he and Lycophron
Lyside or Melissa. Melissa having been killed by made themselves joint-tyrants, with the aid of a