A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

74 EUCLEIDEES& -EUCLEID'ES.
The first Greek edition of the Data is EAbXel ov' (Proclus; Pappus; August ed cit. Fabric. Bibl.
BeboUevca, &c., by Claudius Hardy, Paris, 1625, Giraec. vol. iv. p. 44, &c.; Gregory, Praef. edit.
4to., Gr. Lat., with the preface of Marinus prefixed. cit.; Murhard, Bibl. Math.; Zamberti, ed. cit.;
Murhard speaks of a second edition, Paris, 1695', Savile, Praelect. in Euct.; Heilbronner, Hist.
4to. Dasypodius had previously published them Mathes. Univ.; Schweiger, Handb. der Classisch.,in Latin, Strasburg, 1570. (Fabr.) We have al- Bibl.; Peyrard, ed. cit., &c. &c.: all editions to
ready spoken of Zamberti's Latin, and of the Greek which a reference is not added having been acof Gregory and Peyrard. There is also Euclidis tually consulted.) [A. DE M.]
Datorum Liber by Horsley, Oxford, 1803, 8vo. EUCLEIDES (EKatcXstbnr), historical. 1. One
The Plaenomena is an astronomical work, con- of the leaders of the body of colonists from Zancle
taining 25 geometrical propositions on the doctrine who founded Himera. (Thucyd. vi. 5.)
of the sphere. Pappus (lib. vi. praef.) refers to 2. One of the sons of Hippocrates, tyrant of
the second proposition of this work of Euclid, Gela. It was in suppressing a revolt of the Geloans
and the second proposition of the book which has against Eucleides and his brother, which broke out
come down to us contains the matter of the refer- on the death of Hippocrates, that Gelon managed
ence. We have referred to the Latin of Zamberti to get the sovereignty into his own hands, B.c. 491.
and the Greek of Gregory. Dasypodius gave an (Herod. vii. 155.)
edition (Gr. Lat., so said; but we suppose with only 3. One of the Thirty Tyrants at Athens. (Xen.
the enunciations Greek), Strasburg, 1571, 4to. (?) Hell. ii. 3. ~ 2.)
(Weidler), and another appeared' (Lat.) by Joseph 4. The archon eponymus for the year B. C. 403.
Auria, with the comment of Maurolycus, Rome, His archonship is memorable for the restoration,
1591, *4to. (Lalande and Weidler.). The book with some modifications, of the old laws of Solon
is also in Mersenne's Synopsis, Paris, 1644, 4to. and Draco. These were inscribed on the stoa poe(Weidler.) Lalande names it (Bibl. Astron. p. 188) cile in the so-called Ionian alphabet, which was
as part of a very ill-described' astronomical collec- then first brought into use at Athens for public
tion, in 3 vols. Paris, 1626, 16mo.. documents. (Andoc. de Myst. p. 11; Plut. Arist. 1.)
Of the two works on music, the Harmonics and Athenaeus (i. p. 3, a.) mentions an Athenian of
the Division of the Canon (or scale), it is unlikely this name who was famous as a collector of books.
that Euclid should have been the author of both. Whether he was the same person as the archon, or
The former is a very dry description of the inter- not, does not appear.
minable musical nomenclature of the Greeks, and 5. The brother of Cleomenes III. king of Sparta.
of their-modes. It is called Aristoxenean [ARIS- He commanded a division of the forces of the latTOXENUS]: it does not contain any discussion of ter at the battle of Sellasia, B. c. 223, and by his
the proper ultimate authority in musical matters, unskilful tactics in a great degree brought about
though it does, in its wearisome enumeration, the defeat of the Lacedaemonians. He fell with
adopt some of those intervals which Aristoxenus the whole of the wing which he commanded.
retained, and the Pythagoreans rejected. The (Polyb. ii. 65, 67, 68; Plut. Philop. p. 358, Arat.
style and matter of this treatise, we strongly sus- p. 1046, Cleom. pp. 809,'81'8.) [C. P. M.]
pect, belong to a later period than thatof Euclid. EUCLEIDES(EdcAei77/s), a native of MEGARA,
The second treatise is an arithmetical description or, according to some:less probable accounts, of
and demonstration of the mode of dividing the Gela. He was one of the chief of the disciples of
~scale. Gregory is inclined to think this treatise Socrates, but before becoming such, he had studied
cannot be Euclid's, and one of his reasons is that the doctrines, and -especially the dialectics, of the
Ptolemy does not mention it; another, that the Eleatics. Socrates on one occasion reproved him
theory followed in. it is such as is rarely, if ever, for his fondness for subtle and captious disputes.
mentioned before the time of Ptolemy. If Euclid (Diog. Lairt. ii. 30.)' On the death of Socrates
Adid write either of these treatises, we are satisfied (B. c. 399), Eucleides, with most of the other pupils
it must have been the second. Both are contained of that philosopher, took refuge in Megara, and:in Gregory (Gr. Lat.) as already noted; in the there established a school which distinguished itcollection of Greek musical authors by Meibomius self chiefly by the cultivation of dialectics. The
(Gr. Lat.), Amsterdam, 1652, 4to.; and in a sepa- doctrines of the Eleatics formed the basis of his
rate edition (also Gr. Lat.) by J. Pena, Paris, philosophical system.: With these he blended the
1,537, 4to. (Fabr.), 1557 (Schweiger). Possevinus ethical and dialectical principles of Socrates. The
has also a corrected Latin edition of the first in his Eleatic dogma, that there is one universal, un-;Bibl. Sel. Colon. 1657. Forcadel translated one changeable existence, he viewed in a moral aspect,
treatise. into French, Paris, 1566, 8vo. (Schweiger.) calling this one existence the Good, but giving it
The book on Optics treats, in 61 propositions, on also other names (as Reason, Intelligence, &c.),
the simplest geometrical characteristics of vision perhaps for the purpose of explaining how the real,
and perspective: the Catoptrics have 31 proposi- though one, appeared to be many. He rejected
tions on the law of reflexion as exemplified in demonstration, attacking not so much the premises
plane and spherical mirrors. We have referred to assumed as the conclusions drawn, and also reasonthe Gr. Lat. of Gregory and the Latin of Zam- ing from analogy. He is said to have been a man
berti; there is also the edition of J. Pena (Gr. of- a somewhat indolent and procrastinating dispoLat.), Paris, 1557, 4to. (Fabr.); that of Dasypo- sition. He was the author of six dialogues, none
dius (Latin only, we suppose, with Greek enuncia- of which, however, have come down to us. He
tions),:Strasburg, 1557, 4to. (Fabr.); a reprint of has frequently been erroneously confounded with
the Latin. of Pena, Leyden, 1599, 4to. (Fabr.); the mathematician of the same name. The school
and some other reprint, Leipsic, 1607. (Fabr.) which he founded was called sometimes the MegaThere is a French translation by Rol. Freart Mans, ric, sometimes the Dialectic or Eristic. (Diog.
1663, 4to.; and an Italian one by Egnatio Danti, Laert. ii. 106-108; Cic. Acad. ii. 42; Plut. de
Florence, 1573 34to. (Schweiger.) Fretr. Am. 18.).: [C. P, M.]