A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

,838 LUCULLUS. LUCULLUS.
1; Cic. Acad. pr. ii. 1, de Prov. Cons. 9). The find him in B. c. 65, coming forward together with
year of his quaestorship is unknown, but he appears Hortensius, Catulus, Metellue Plus, and M. Lepito have held that office under Sulla, as he was dus, to bear testimony against the tribune C. Corafterwards brought to trial by C. Memmius for nelius (Ascon. Arg. in Cic. p. Cornel. p. 60, ed.
illegal acts committed by him in that capacity by Orell.). Though opposed on this occasion to Cicero,
the command of the latter (Plut. Lucull. 37). In he was in general a warm friend and supporter of
the civil war which followed the return of Sulla to the great orator, whom he assisted with his counsels.Italy, we find M. Lucullus employed by that ge- in the dangers of the Catilinarian conspiracy, when
neral' as one of his lieutenants, and in B. C. 82 he both he and his brother were among the first to
gained a brilliant victory over a detachment of the urge the execution of the conspirators (Cic. ad A tt.
forces of Carbo, near the town of Fidentia (Plut. xii. 21): and he is again mentioned as exerting
Sull. 27; Vell. Pat. ii. 28; Appian, Civ. i. 92). his utmost endeavours both with Pompey and the
In B. C. 79 he held the office of curule aedile, to- consul L. Piso, to prevent the banishment of
gether with his brother Lucius (Plut. Lucull. 1; Cicero (Cic. in Pison. 31). After the return of the
see above, No. 4). Two years later (B. C. 77) he latter from his exile, Lucullus, both as one of the
obtained the praetorship, in which he distinguished pontiffs, and afterwards in his place in the senate,
himself greatly by the impartiality with which he supported him in his demand for the restitution of
administered justice, and by his efforts to check his house (Cic. pro Dom. 52, de Haersp. Resp. 6).
the lawless habits which had grown up during the After all these services both to himself and his
late civil wars (Cic. pro i.. Tullio, ~ 8, ed. Orell.). party. we cannot wonder that Cicero should desigIn a. c. 73 he succeeded his brother in the consul- nate him as one of the " lights and ornaments of
ship, with C. Cassius Varus as his colleague (Cic. the republic" (de Prov. Cons. 9). How long he
pro. Cluentio, 49; Fast. Capit.). The year of their survived his brother-whose funeral oration he projoint administration was marked by a law for the nounced-is uncertain; the exact date of the
distribution of corn among the lower classes, known death of either one or the other being nowhere reas the Lex Terentia et Cassia (Cic. in Verr. iii. corded. But we learn from Cicero that he was
70, v. 21). Its precise provisions are, however, still alive in B. c. 56; at the beginning of which
unknown. year he took an active part in opposing the mission
He appears to have hastened before the expiration of Pompey to Egypt, and supporting the pretensions
of his consulship to the province of Macedonia, which of Lentulus Spinther to that appointment (Cic. ad
had fallen to his lot. He was' probably desirous Fam. i. 1). He is again mentioned a few months
to emulate the successes of his brother, and Mace-. later, as present at the debate in the senate condonia offered a ready field for distinction to a war- cerning the consular provinces (Id. de Prov. Cons.
like governor, from the numerous tribes of hostile 9), but we hear no more of him after this, and it
barbarians, who frequently infested its frontiers seems probable that he did not long survive. It is
with their incursions. Against these Lucullus now certain at least that he died before the commencedirected his arms, defeated the Dardanians and ment of the civil war, B. C. 49. (Vell. Pat, ii. 49
Bessi in repeated actions, took their chief towns, Plut.'Lucull. 43.)
and laid waste the whole country from Mount We know very little of the character of M. Lu*
Haemus to the Danube, putting to the sword or cullus, except from the somewhat vague and general
mutilating in a cruel manner all the barbarians praises of Cicero, who appears disposed to place him
that fell into his hands. Nor did he spare the on a level with his far more celebrated brother. The
Greek cities on the Euxine: these had probably affectionate union which subsisted between the two
taken some part against Rome, as we learn that he through life, is undoubtedly a trait favourable to
captured in succession the cities of Apollonia, Cal- them both; but if we may judge from the account
latia, Tomi, and Istrus, besides some others of of the cruelties committed in his campaign against
minor note. On his return to Rome he was re- the Bessi, Marcus was far from possessing the mild
warded for these successes by. the honour of a and humane disposition of his elder brother. He
triumph, B. c. 71. Among the trophies with which is mentioned by Cicero as a speaker of considerable
this was adorned, the most conspicuous was a merit, though not deserving to be styled an orator
colossal statue of Apollo, 30 cubits in height, which (Brut. 62). He appears to have participated to
he had brought from Apollonia, and subsequently some extent also in his brother's love of luxury
erected in the capitol. (Eutrop. vi. 7, 8, 10; Oros. and magnificence, though not to such a reprehenvi. 3; Flor. iii. 5; Appian, Illyr. 30; Liv. Epit. sible excess. (Cic. ad Alt. i. 18; Varr. de R. B.
xcii.; Cic. in Pison. 19; Plin. B. N. iv. 13. ~ 27, iii. 3. ~ 10.)
xxxiv. 6. ~ 18; Strab. vii. p. 319.) The following persons were probably more or
M. Lucullus was, as well as his brother, a strong less closely connected with the distinguished family
supporter of the aristocratic -party at Rome. It whose members have been above enumerated, but
was probably to their influence that he was indebted in what manner is unknown.
for his appointment'in B. C. 67, as one of the ten 7. C. LICINIUS LUCULLUS, tribune of the people
legates who were destined to settle the affairs of B. C. 196, was the proposer of a law for the crea-.Pontus as a Roman province: a purpose which tion of the sacerdotal office of the Triumviri Epuwas defeated by the unfavourable change that had lones, who continued from that time forth to he
taken place in the affairs of that country. (Cic. regularly appointed. He was himself one of the
ad Att. xiii. 6; Plut. Lucull. 35.) On his return first three persons who held the new office (Liv.
he was assailed by C.. Memmius with the accusation xxxiii. 42). In B. C. 191 he was one of two
already mentioned, which however, terminated in commissoners appointed to dedicate the temple of
his acquittal (Plut. lb. 37; Pseud. Ascon. ad Cic. Juventas in the Circus Maximus, which had been
Div. in Caecil. p. 109). From this time forth he vowed by M. Livius on occasion of the memorable
bears a prominent place among the leaders of the defeat of Hasdrubal (Liv. xxxvi. 36.)
aristocratic party or Optimates at. Rome.;. thus we 8. M. LICINIUS LUCULLUS, was praetor pere