A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

-LUCULLUS. LUCULLUS. 837
iii. 2; Plut. Lucull. 42.) His patronage of the however, tells us (Lucull. 1) that' he composed a
poet Archias is too well known to require farther history of the Marsic war in Greek; and the same
mention (Cic. pr. Arch. 3 —5); and the sculptor work is alluded to by Cicero. (Ep. ad Att. i. 19.)
Arcesilaus is also said to have been one of his con- It has been already mentioned that Sulla left him
stant associates. (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 12. ~ 45.) his literary executor, a sufficient evidence of the
The character of Lucullus is one not difficult to reputation he then enjoyed in this respect. He
comprehend. He had no pretension to the name was noted for the excellence of his memory, which,
of a great man, and was evidently unable to cope Cicero tells us, was nearly, if not quite, equal to
with the circumstances in which he found himself that of Hortensius. (4cad. pr. ii. 1, 2.).placed, and the sterner but more energetic spirits Lucullus was twice married: first to Clodia,
by whom he was surrounded. Yet he was cer- daughter of App. Claudius Pulcher, whom he
tainly a man of no common ability, and gifted in divorced on his return from the Mithridatic war,
particular with a natural genius for war. We on account of her licentious and profligate conduct
cannot indeed receive in its full extent the asser- (Plut. Lucull. 38): and secondly, to Servilia,
tion of Cicero (Acad. pr. ii. 1), that he had received daughter of Q. Servilius Caepio, and half-sister of
no previous military training, and came out at once M. Cato. By the latter he had one son, the suba consummate general on his arrival' in Pontus, ject of the following article. (The fullest account
merely from the study of historical and military of the life of Lucullus, and a very just estimate of
writings; for we know that he had served in his his character, will be found in Drumann's Gesclichte
youth with distinction in the Marsic war; and as Roms, vol. iv.)
quaestor under Sulla he must have had many op- 5. L. (?) LICINIUS L. F. L. N. LUCULLUS, son
portunities of acquiring a practical knowledge of of the preceding. His praenomen, according to
military affairs. But the talent that he displayed Valerius Maximus, was Marcus; but this is
as a commander is not the less remarkable. Plu- considered by Drumann (Gesch. Roms. vol. iv. p.
tarch has justly called attention to the skill with 175) as so contrary to analogy, that he does not
which he secured the victory.at one time by the hesitate to regard it as a mistake. (See also Orelli,
celerity of his movements, at another time by Onom. Tull.: vol. ii. p. 352.) As he was the'caution and delay: and though the far greater son of Servilia, he could not have been born before
fame of his successor has tended to cast the mili- B. C. 65; and was a mere child at the time of his
tary exploits of Lucullus into the shade, there can father's death. Lucullus had entrusted him to the
be no doubt that the real merit of the Mithridatic guardianship of his maternal uncle, Cato; but at
war is principally due to the latter. In one quality, the same time recommended him, by his testament,
however, of a great commander he was altogether to the friendly care of Cicero, who appears to have
wanting-in the power of attaching to him his joined with Cato in superintending the education
soldiers; and to this deficiency, as we have seen, of the boy. (Cic. de Fizz. iii. 2, ad Att. xiii. 6.)
may be ascribed in great measure the ill fortune His relationship with Cato and Brutus naturally
-which clouded the latter part of his career. We threw the young Lucullus into the republican
are told indeed that some of the legions placed party, whom he zealously joined after the death of
-under his command were of a very turbulent and Caesar: so that he accompanied Brutus to Greece,
factious character; but these very troops after- was present at the battle of Philippi, and was
wards followed Pompey without a murmur, even killed in the pursuit after that action, B. C. 42.
after the legal period of their service was expired. (Cic. Phil. x. 4; Vell. Pat. ii. 71; Val. Max. iv.
This unpopularity of Lucullus is attributed to a 7. ~ 4.) Cicero tells us that he was a youth of
severity and harshness in the exaction of duties rising talents, and of much promise. (Defin. iii.
and punishment of offences, which seems strangely 2, Phil. x. 4.) While yet under age he had dediat variance with all else that we know of his cha- cated, by command of the senate, a statue of Herracter: it is more probable that it was owing to a cules near the Rostra, in pursuance of a vow of his
selfish indifference, which prevented him from father. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8. (19), ad fin.)
sympathising or associating with the men and 6. M. LICINIUS L. F. L. N. LUCITLLUS, son of
officers under his command. (Comp. Plut. Lucull. No. 3, and own brother of No. 4, though Eutropius
33; Dion. Cass. xxxv. 16.) In his treatment of (vi. 7) erroneously calls him his cousin (consobrinus).
his vanquished enemies, on the contrary, as well as He was adopted by M. Terentius Varro, and conof the cities and provinces subjected to his perma- sequently bore' the names of M. TERENTIUS M. F.
nent rule, the conduct of Lucullus stands out in VARRO LUCULLUS*', by which he appears in the
bright contrast to that of almost all his contempo- Fasti. (Fast. Cap'it. ap. Gruter, p. 294. See also
raries; and it must -be remembered, in justice to Orelli, Onom. Tull. vol. ii. p. 352, and Inscr. Lat.
his character, that the ill will of his own troops, as No.:570.) Hence Cicero, though he designates his
well as that of the unprincipled farmers of the re- consulship as that of M. Terentius and C. Cassius
venue, was incurred in great part by acts of bene- (in Verr. i. 23), elsewhere'always calls him M.
volence or of equity towards these classes. In'his Lucullus. He was younger than L. Lucullus,
natural love of justice and kindness of disposition, though apparently not. by much, as we find both
his character more resembles that of. Cicero than brothers, who were united through life by the
any other of his contemporaries. (See particularly bonds of the most affectionate friendship, joining in
Plut. Lucull. 19.) the prosecution against the augur Servilius, with a
Though early withdrawn from the occupations view to avenge their father's memory, at which
and pursuits of the forum, which prevented his be- time Lucius was still very young. (Plut. Lucutl.
coming a finished orator, Lucullus was far from a
contemptible speaker (Cic. Acad. ii. 1; Brut. 62);. Drumann says that he was called M. Terenthe same causes probably operated against his tius M. f. Licinianus Varro; but this, though it
attaining to that literary distinction which his would be strictly according to analogy, is contrary
earliest years appeared to promise. Plutarch, to all the evidence we possess.
3,3