A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

826 LUCIUS. LUCtIUS.patriarch (Socrat. H. E. iii. 4), who on the-death' of to Rome for spiritual instruction; and that-in coni
the emperor Julian and the accession of Jovian, pre- sequence four teachers, Dyfan, Ffagan, Medwy, and
sented a petition to the latter, begging him to annul Elfan were sent to him by Pope Eleutherius.
the re-establishment of Athanasius; but their peti- Lucius is said to have founded the see of Llandaft
tionwas contemptuously rejected (Petitio ad Jovian. To these scanty, but in themselves, sufficiently creimperat. Antiochiaefacta a Lucio aiisque, printed dible notices, the credulity of the later ages bas
with the works of St. Athanasius, vol. i. p.'782, &c. added many particulars. Lucius is made by Giraldus
ed. Benedict). When the Arian Valens became em- Cambrensis (apud Usher), king of the Britons; and
peror of the East, the hopes of Lucius. and his the missionaries from Rome effect the conversion of
party revived; but the emperor would not allow the whole population of the island. Five metrohim to return to Alexandria during Athanasius' politan sees are established; one for each of the.
lifetime, though he obtained the bishopric of Samo- five provinces into -which the Romans had divided
sata, where, however, he was insulted even by the the island, with twelve suffragan bishops to each.
children of the orthodox party, in consequence of Geoffrey of Monmouth makes Lucius the son of
which he incited the officers of the government Coillus, the son of Marius, the son of Arviragus;
to inflict some severities on the orthodox. On the and, though differing in details from Giraldus,'
death of Athanasius (A. D. 373) and the ordination agrees with him in making the conversion of the'
of Petrus or Peter, whom he had nominated as his inhabitants and the institution of the hierarchy
successor, Valens sent Lucius to Alexandria, in complete. Some other traditions or legends of the'
company with Euzoius, Arian patriarch of Antioch, middle ages make Lucius resign his crown, travel'
with orders to the authorities of Alexandria, in as a missionary, with his sister St. Emerita, through
consequence of which Peter was deposed and im- Rhaetia and Vindelicia, and suffer martyrdom near
prisoned, and Lucius forcibly established in his Curia, the modern Coire or Chur. Thus distorted
room. A severe persecution of the orthodox then by the credulity of a later age, the history of Lucius
commenced, especially of the priesthood and the and his very existence have been by some critics
nuns, whom Lucius charged with exciting popular altogether doubted. But we see no reason to
disturbances. Peter, who had escaped, fled to doubt that there was a British regulus or chieftain
Rome, where he was supported by the pope Dama- of the same or somewhat similar name, about
sus I., who after some'time sent him back to Alex- the time of Eleutherius; and that his influence,
andria, with letters confirming his ordination, in which he had retained under the Roman dominion,
consequence of which he obtained possession of the conduced to the establishment and diffusion -of
patriarchate, and Lucius in turn was obliged to Christianity in Britain: and the Welsh traditions,
flee to Constantinople. This was probably in A. D. which place him in the territory of the Silures,
377 or 378, not long before the death of Valens. the present Glamorganshire, are more probable
Whether Lucius was ever restored is doubtful; if than the suppositions of Spelman, who makes
he was, he was soon again expelled by the emperor him an Icenian, and'of Stillingfleet, who makes
Theodosius. According to some authorities he still him king of the Regni, in Surrey and Sussex. He
remained director of the Arian churches in his probably lived in the latter half of the second
patriarchal city. He withdrew from Constantinople century; but there are difficulties about the year
at the time of the expulsion of Demophilus, Arian of his application to Rome, as to which Bede is inpatriarch of that city (A. D. 380), and nothing error. A letter is extant, and is given by Usher,
more is known'of him. He wrote; according professing to be from Pope'Eleutherius "to Lucius
to Jerome, Solemnes de Paschate Epistolae, and a king of Britain," but it is doubtless spurious.
few little books (libelli) on various subjects. The Usher mentions that two coins, supposed'to be of
acts of the Lateran Council, A. D. 649, contain an Lucius, had been found, one of gold, the other of'
extract from his Els T's 7rdrama Aoyos, Sermo in silver; having the image of a king with a cross,
Pascha. Whether this Sermo was one of what and the letters, as far as could be made out, LVC.
Jerome has described as Solemnes Epistolae, is not (Beda, 11. cc.; Ado, 1. c. in the Biblioth. Patsrem,
certain. (Socrat. H. E. iii. 4, iv. 21, 22, 24, 37; vol. xvi. ed. Lyon, 1677; Galfrid, Monemut. lib.
Sozomen,:H. E. vi. 19, 20, 39; Theodoret, H.E. it. init.; Usher, Britannic. Eccles. Antiquitates, c.
iv. 15, 20-23; Hieronym. De Vir. Illustr. c. 118; 3-6; Stillingfleet, Antiq. of the Brit. C/hurches, c.
Tillemont, MJmoires, vols. vi. vii. viii. passim; 2, with the preface of the Rev. T. P. Pantin, the
Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 371; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. latest editor; Rice Rees, An Essay on th]e Welsh
vol. ix. p. 247, Concilia, vol. vi. col. 313, ed. Labbe, Saints, pp. 82, seq.; Tillemont, M1moires, vol. ii.
vol. iii. col. 892, ed Hardouin.) pp. 62, 63, 615, 616; Baron. Annal. ad Ann. 183.)
3. Of BRITAIN. Bede in his Historia Eccle- 4. CHARINUS, an heretical writer of uncertain
siastica, i. 4, states that in A. D. 156, in the reign date. His name is written by Augustin (De Actis
of the Roman emperors Aurelius and Verus, and cum Felice Manichaeo, ii.'6), and the author of the
in the pontificate of Pope Eleutherius, Lucius, a book De Fide, contra Manichaeos, formerly attriBritish king, sent a letter to the Pope, praying for buted to Augustin, LEucIus or LvT1sus, and in
his assistance that he might be made a Christian; one MS. LocUTIus, and in some printed editions'
and having obtained his request, was with his LEONTIUS. Photius writes the name LEUCIUS
people instructed in the Christian faith, which they CHARINUS (AeJicsos Xapiwos). In the Decretuvn
preserved perfect and uncorrupted, and in peace, of pope Gelasius, De Libris Apocryphis, it is written
till the reign of Diocletian. A statement similar to LENTICIUs. This Leucius wrote a work, entitled,
this is given by Bede in his Chronicon s. de'Sex according to Photius, al 7'r'Alrocrdwv 7replo0otj
Aetatibus, and by Ado of Vienne, in his Chronicon. Periodi Apostolorsem, now lost, containing the Acts
The early Welsh notices and the Silurian Catalogues of the Apostles, Peter, John, Andrew, Thomas,
of Saints state (according to Mr. Rice Rees), that and Paul. Photius criticises the style as in many
Lleurwg-ab-Coel- ab- Cyllin, called also Lleufer places too familiar, and condemns the sentiments as
Mhawr, " the Great Luminary," and Lies,'applied heretical, self-contradictory, and absurd. The writer