A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

812- LUCIANUS. LUCIANUS.
bishopiick, under the metropolitan of Ileracleia, of aancient biography of Lucian extant, except' the
whom Lucian appeared as the representative in the short and inaccurate one by Suidas; but some
council of Chalcedon. Lucian's name is subscribed particulars may be gleaned from his own writings.
to a decretal of Gennadius'I., patriarch of Constan- Considerable difference of opinion has existed
tinople (A. D. 459 to 471), as Lucian, "bishop of respecting the time in which Lucian flourished.
the Metropolitan see of Byza," ertfKotros gW'nTpo7rd- Suidas places him under Trajan, and subsequently,
Aews. Bv'Ns.:(Concilia, vol. iv. col. 908, ed. Labbe; and in- this he is followed by Bourdelot. The
vol. ii. col. 707, ed. Hardouin; vol. vii. col. 541, opinion of Voss (De Histor. Graec. ii. 15), that he
ed. Mansi; Le Quien, Oriens Chlristianus, vol. i. flourished:in the reigns of M. Aurelius Antoninus
col. 1146; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 457.) and Commodus seems, however, more correct, and
3. Of'CAPHARGAMALA (a village'in the neigh- has been generally followed by later critics. It is
~bourhood of Jerusalem); more commonly called impossible to fix the- exact dates of his birth and
IIEROSOLYMITANUS, or of JERUSALEikM, an eccle- death, but the following passages will afford some
siastic of the fifth century. There is extant in a clue to his chronology. In the ipo's dxralevroev,
Latin: version an epistle of his' addressed to the ~ 13, he tells us that there existed in his time, and
Whole church or body of Christians in all the world, was probably still alive, a man who had bought
giving an account of -the appearance to him, as he the lamp of Epictetus for 3000 drachms, in the
slept bne night in: the baptistery of the church, as hope of inheriting his wisdom. As this purchase
was his custom, of Gamaliel (the teacher of the was probably made shortly after the death of
apostle Paul), who revealed to him the burial-place Epictetus, the natural inference is, that Lucian was
of his own relics -and those of his son Abibus or alive in the time of that philosopher (hardly that
Abibas, his nephew Nicodemus (the same that Epictetus died before the time of Lucian, as Mr.
came to Jesus Christ by night), and of the proto- Clinton says, Fasti Rom. A. D. 18). The uncermartvr Stephen. ~ The Latin version was made by tainty expressed as to. whether the purchaser was
Avitus of Bracara, now Braga, in Portugal, a con- still alive denotes that a considerable period had
temporary of Lucian, who'dictated it to Avitus in elapsed between the transaction recorded and the
Greek' (it is doubtful if he wrote it in that Ian- date of the ripds d7ral8evTov. But that piece can
guage); and is usually accompanied by a prefatory be- shown to have been written shortily after the
letter of Avitus' to Palchonius or Balconius, bishop extraordinary suicide of Peregrinus, A. D. 165;
of Bracara.'A brief abstract of an account of the for in ~ 14 Lucian mentions another silly fellow
vision of Lucian by ChrSsippus,: an ecclesiastic of who had just recently purchased (XOes Kal 7rpWvv)
Jerusalem, is given by Photius (Bibl. Cod. 171) the stick of the fanatical cynic for a talent. Now
fiom the work of Eustratius on the state of the soul Epictetus could hardly have survived the reign of
after death. Of the Latin version of Lucian's Hadrian, who died A. D. 138 (EPICTETUS, and
Epistola there are two copies, differing in several Clinton, 1. c.), and it is more likely that he did not
respects from each other. That published by reach the middle of it. On these grounds we
Ulimmerius, and commonly designated from him, might at a venture place Lucian's birth about the
is'given by Surius (De Probatis Sanctor. Vitis, ad year 120; and this date tallies pretty well with
diem II. August.); and in thle Appendix to the other inferences from his writings. The IIcs ae7
editions of Augustin by the Theologians of Louvain Pir'oplav crryy/pdpetv must have been nearly con(vol. x. p. 630, &c.) and the Benedictines (vol. temporary with the fIpas acraisvo'Tov, since it alvii.) According to this copy, the visioni of Lucian ludes to the Parthian victories of Verus (Clinton,
took place 3d Dec. 415. The other copy, which A. D. 166), but was probably written before the
omits the date of the vision, is also given by the final triumph, as from an expression in ~ 2 (rd fV:
Benedictines, in parallel columns, to facilitate com- 7rol - avTra iKeivl'vat) the war would seem to
parison. (Gennadius, De Vitis Illustr. c. 46, 47; have been still going on. These pieces, together
Photius, 1. c.; Fabric. Bibl. Gracec. vol. x. p. 327; with the account of the death of Peregrinus (nlepl
Cave, Hist. Lilt, ad ann. 415,) 7i9 fEpEypivoU TEAsotrrjs), which has all the air of
4. HIEROSOLYM1TANUS, or of- JERUSALEM. a narrative composed immediately after the event
[No. 3.] it records, are the earliest works of Lucian which
5. The MARTYR. [No. 1.] we can connect with any public transactions. But
6. METROPOLITA. [No. 2.] he tells us that he did not abandon the rhetorical
7. PASIPHON (Hlaauqav), a writer to whom Fa- profession, and take to a different style of writing,
vorinus [FAvoRINUS, No. 1], according to Dio- till he was about forty (AIls tca'yop. ~ 34); and
genes LaiSrtius (vi. 73) ascribed the tragedies which though he there more particularly alludes to his
were more commonly attributed to Diogenes the Dialogues, we may very probably include in the
Cynic [D1OGENES], or to Philistus of Aegina, his same category all his other works, which, like the
disciple. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. pp.295,296, preceding, are unconnected with rhetoric. If
and 309.) these were his first works of that kind, and if he
8. The PRESBYTER. [Nos. 1 and 3.] was forty when he wrote them, he would have
9. Of SAMOSATA. [See below, and also No. l.] been born about the year 125. They were, how.
10. The TRAGIC WRITER. [No. 7.] [J. C.M.] ever, in all probability preceded by some others,
LUJCIANUS* (Aovciavds), also called LYCINUS, such as the Hernotimus, -which he mentions having
a witty and voluminous Greek writer, but of Syrian written about forty (~ 13), the Nigrinus, &c. This
parentage, having been born, as he himself tells us, brings us again to the year 120, as a very probable
at Samosata, the capital of-Commagene. ('AXie&s, one in which to fix his birth; and thus he might
~ 19; IcIs ae? abr. avyyp. ~ 24.) There is no have been contemporary as a boy with Epictetus,
then in his old age; and with the man who bought
~* According to- analogy, the a ought to be long his lamp, some 30 or 35 years, perhaps, before 165.
in Lucianus; but Lucian himself makes it short A passage which alludes to later political events
in his first epigram. Aonnvlctats a'T''"yoa4e, &c. occurs in the Alexander, ~ 48, where mention is