A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

!i 0 LUCIANUS. LUCIANUS.
erronieously'called Lucilius). - In- B. c. 52 he wa -a presbyter at Antioch, and established ill that city a
candidate -with'Cicero for the augurship, and in theological school, which was resorted to by many
the following year a candidate with M. Caelius' for students from all parts, and which exercised a conthe aedileship, but he failed in both; and as he was siderable influence on the religious opinions of the,thus opposed both to Cicero and his friend, he is subsequent generation. What were the religious
called in their correspondence, Hillus, " the stam- opinions of Lucian himself it is difficult exactly to
merer." When Cicero wished to obtain a tri- determine. They were such as to expose him to
~umph on account of the successes he had gained in the charge of heterodoxy, and to induce three sucCilioia, he endeavoured to become reconciled to Luc- cessive bishops of Antioch to excommunicate him,
ceius,. and his name frequently occurs in Cicero's or else to induce him to withdraw with his followers
correspondence at that period.' (Cic. acd Famr. ii. from communion with them. According to Valesius
- 0.' ~ 1, viii. 2. ~ 2, 3. ~ 1, 9. ~ 1, IL. g 2, ad Att. and Tillemont the three bishops were Domnus, the:vii. 1. ~~ 7, 8;). successor of Paul of Samosata (A. D. 269-273),
On the breaking out of the civil war in B. c. 49, Timaeus (A. D. 273-280), and Cyrillus (A. D. 280
IHirrus joined -Pompey, and was stationed with a -300); and Tillemont dates his separation from
military force inr northern Italy, but, like the other A. D. 269, and thinks it continued ten or twelve
-Pompeian commanders, was deserted by his own years. The testimony of Alexander, patriarch of
troops (Caes. B. C. i. 1 5, where Lowceium is the' Alexandria (apud Theodoret, H. E. i. 4), who was
true reading instead of Ulcillem; comp. Cic. ad partly contemporary with Lucian, makes the fact of.tt. viii. 11. A.). He was subsequently sent by this separation indisputable. He states that Lucian
Pompey as ambassador to Orodes, king of Parthia, remained out of communion with the church for
to' endeavour to gain his assistance for the aristo- many years; and that lie was the successor in
cracy, but he was thrown into prison by the Par- heresy of Paul of Samosata, and the precursor of
thian king; and when Pompey's officers, before Arius. - Arius himself, in a letter to Eusebius of
the battle of Pharsalia, confident of victory, were Nicomedeia (apud Theodoret, H. E.i. 5), addresses
assigning the'various offices of the state, there was his friend as rvAhovKtacevtrsd "fellow-Lucianist,"
a vehement dispute whether Hirrus should be which may be considered as intimating that Lucian
allowed to stand for the praetorship in his absence held opinions similar to his own; though, as Arius.(Caes. B. C. iii. 82; Dion Cass. xlii, 2). He was would, in his circumstances, be slow to take to himpardoned by Caesar after the battle of Pharsalia, self a sectarian designation, we are disposed to inand returned to Rome. The C. Hirrius mentioned terpret the expression as a memorial that they had.by Pliny (H. N. ix. 55. s. 81) and Varro (R. R. been'fellow-students in the school of Lucian.
-iii. 17), as the first person who had sea-water Epiphanius, who devotes a section of his principal
stock-ponds'for lampreys, and who sent some thou- work (Panariurn; Haeres. 43, s. ut alii, 23) to refute
sands of them to Caesar for his triumphal banquets, the heresies of the Lucianists, says that Lucian
is most probably the same person as the preceding, was originally a follower of Marcion, but that he'though'he is spoken of as a separate person under separated from him and formed a sect of his own,
-HIqRIUS. It would likewise appear that the agreeing, however, in its general principles, with
Hirtius, whom Appian says (B. C. iv.-43, 84) was that of the Marcionites. Like Marcion, the Luproscribed by the triumvirs in B. c. 43, and who cianists conceived of the Demiurgos or Creator, as
fled to Sex. Pompey in Sicily, is a false reading distinct from the perfect God, o ayaO's " the good
for Hirrus. one;"' and described the Creator, who was also
6. CN. LUccEIUS, a friend of D. Brutus, -B. c. represented as the judge, as'd cKacos "the just
44. (Cic. ad Att. xvi. 5. ~ 3.) ohe."''Beside these two beings, between whom
7. P. LuccEIus, a friend of Cicero, and recom- the commonly received attributes and offices of
mended by him to Q. Cornificius, B. c. 43. (Cic..God were divided, the Lucianists reckoned a third,
ad FarE. xii. 25. -A. ~ 6, 30. ~ 5.) d sro'7sps, " the evil one." Like the Marcionites,
LUCEIUS ALBI'NUS. [ALBINUS, Vol. I. they condemned marriage: Epiphanius says that
p. 94, a.; compare Vol. I. p. 93, a.]' this was out of hatred to the Demiurgos or Creator,
LUCE'RIUS, LUCE'RIA, also tucetizus and whose dominion was extended by the propagation
Lucetia, that is, the giver of light, occur as sur- of the human race. This description of the sect
names of Jupiter and Juno. According to Servius is to be received with very great caution, for Epi(ad Aen. ix. 570) the name was used especially phanius acknowledges that it had been long extinct,
among the Oscans. (Macrob. Sat. i. 15; Gellius, and that his inquiries had led to no clear or certain
v.'12; Paul. Diac. p. 114, ed.' Miiller comp. information respecting it. The gnostic character
LUCINA.) [L. S.] of the doctrines ascribed to it receives no counteLUCIANUS (Aouvciass). 1. Of ANTIOCGH, nance from the statements of Alexander of Alexone of the most eminent ecclesiastics and biblical andria, and is probably altogether without foundscholars'in' the.early Church. He was born, like ation: the views of Lucian appear to have had
his illustrious namesake, the satirist, at Samosata, more affinity with those of the Arians; and it is
on the Euphrates: he was-'of respectable parents, observable that Eusebius of Nicomedeia, Leontius
by whom he was early trained up in religious prin- of Antioch, and other prelates of the Arian or
ciples and habits. They died, however, when he Semi-Arian parties, and possibly (as already inti-.was only twelve years'old; and the orphan lad, mated) Arius himself, had been his pupils. But
having distributed his property to the poor, removed whatever may have been the heterodoxy of Lucian,
to Edessa, where he was baptized, and devoted him- he either abjured it or explained it so as to be reself to ascetic practices, becoming the intimate stored to the communion of the Church, in which
friend, and apparently the pupil of Macarius, a'he continued until his martyrdom,,the glory of
Christian of that town, known principally as an which was regarded as sufficient to wipe off all the
expounder of the Scriptures. Lucian, having de- reproach of his former heresy; and "Lucian the
termined to embrace an ecclesiastical life, became a martyr" had the unusual distinction of being re