A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

LONGINUS. LONGINUS.'801
now been assigned to Dolabella and Antony re-' accordingly, on his return to Asia, he imposed upon
spectively. Resolving to make a final effort to the province a ten years' tribute, which was to be
regain the popular favour, Brutus celebrated the raised immediately. Meanwhile, the colleague of
Ludi Apollinares with extraordinary splendour in Cassius, M. Brutus, was employed in the same way
the month of July; but as this was not followed in robbing the towns of Lycia; and the liberators
by the expected results, they resolved to leave Italy. of the Roman world made it pay very dearly for
They accordingly published a decree, in which they its freedom.
resigned their office as praetors, and declared that At the beginning of the following year, B. C. 42,
they would for the future live in banishment, in Brutus and Cassius met again'at Sardis, where
order to preserve the harmony of the state. This, their armies greeted them with the title of impehowever, was only done to excite: odium against rators. Here they had some serious differences,
Antony. Instead of going to the provinces which and were nearly coming to an open rupture; but
had been assigned to them by the senate, Brutus the common danger to which they were exposed
went into Macedonia, and Cassius hastened to take produced a reconciliation between them. They
~possession of Syria before Dolabella could arrive crossed over the Hellespont, marched through
there. In Asia Cassius received the support of Thrace, and finally took up their position near
the proconsul L. Trebonius, and of the quaestor P. Philippi in Macedonia. Here Antony'also soori
Lentulus Spinther, who supplied him with money. appeared with his army, and Octavian followed ten
On his arrival in Syria, where his former victories days afterwards. Brutus and Cassius, whose
over the Parthians had gained him a great reputa- position was far more favourable than' that of the
tion, Cassius soon collected a considerable army. enemy, resolved to avoid a battle, and to subdue
IIe was joined by the troops of Caecilius Bassus, them by hunger. But this plan was frustrated by
the Pompeian, as well as by those of the Caesarian the bold manoeuvres of Antony, who forced them
generals, who had for some years been carrying on into a general engagement. The left' wing, conwar against one another. L[BAssus, CAECILIUS.] manded by Brutus, conquered Octavian's forces,
His army was still further strengthened by the and took his camp; but Antony, who commanded
addition of four legions, commanded by A. Allienus, the other wing, defeated Cassius and'obtained posthe legate' of Dolabella, and which went over to session of his camp. Cassius himself, supposing all
Cassius in Judea, at the beginning of B.C. 43. was lost, and ignorant of the success of Brutus,
Cassius was now prepared to meet Dolabella; he commanded his freedman Pindarus to put an end
was at the head of twelve legions, besides the to his life. Brutus mourned over his companion,
troops which he had brought with him into Sy- calling him the last of the Romans, and caused
ria. The senate, meantime, who had come to an him to be buried in Thasos.
open rupture with Antony, confirmed Cassius in Cassius was married to Junia Tertia or Tertulla,
his province, and entrusted to him the conduct of half-sister of his confederate, M. Brutus: she surthe war against Dolabella. The latter, after he vived him upwards of sixty years, and did not die
had killed Trebonius in Smyrna, entered Syria in till the reign of Tiberius, A. D. 22. [JUNIA, No. 3.]
the month of April. After an unsuccessful attack Only one of his children is mentioned [See No. 13],
upon Antioch, he obtained possession of Laodiceia, and we do not know whether he had any more.
where he maintained himself for a short time; but Cassius was a man of literary tastes and habits.
the town was soon afterwards betrayed to Cassius, He received instruction in the Greek language and
and Dolabella, to avoid falling into the hands of his literature from Archelaus of Rhodes, and he both
enemies, ordered one of his soldiers to. put him to wrote and spoke Greek with facility. He was a
death. The inhabitants of Laodiceia, as well as follower of the Epicurean philosophy; but was abthose of Tarsus, which had also submitted to Dola- stemious and simple in his -mode of life. His
bella, were obliged to purchase their pardon by abilities were considerable; and though he would
large contributions.' certainly have been incapable, like Caesar or AnCassius now proposed to march against Cleopatra gustus, of governing the Roman world, yet he exin Egypt; but- Brutus summoned him to his celled the rest of the conspirators in prudence, resoassistance, in consequence of the formation' of the lution, and power of ruling. His campaigns against
celebrated triumvirate, in the month of October, the Parthians had early gained'for him a military
by Antony, Octavian, and Lepidus. After appoint- reputation,' and he was always respected and
ing his brother's son, L. Cassius Longinus, governor cheerfully obeyed by his soldiers. But with -all
of Syria, and leaving him one legion, he set out this he had a mean soul. He was a lover of money,
with the rest of his forces to join Brutus. They and a lover of self of the worst kind.. In his first
met at- Smyrna, and there concerted measures for government of Syria he was notorious for his rathe prosecution of the war. Brutus was anxious pacity; and when a second time in Asia, he availed
to proceed at once into Macedonia, but Cassius was himself of the pretext of liberating his country, in
of opinion that they should first put down all the order to increase his private fortune by plundering
friends of the ~triumvirs in Asia, and not proceed the provincials. It was his high estimate of
further till they had increased their army and fleet, himself, his envy of Caesar's position,'and morand obtained further resources by plundering the tification at becoming an inferior and a subject,
provinces. The latter plan was resolved upon, and which led him to become a murderer of the greatest
Rhodes, vhich had assisted Dolabella, was first man that Rome ever, produced. -(Cicero, in the
destined to feel the vengeance of Cassius. After passages collected in Orelli's Onomast. Tull. vol. ii.
nconquering the Rhodians in a sea-fight, he obtained p. 134, &c.; Plut. Crass. 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, Brut.
possession of their city by treachery, executed 39' -44; Appian, B.C.: ii. 88, iv. 114; Dion Cass.
fifty of the leading inhabitants, and plundered lib. xl.-xlvii. All the authorities are collected
them so unmercifully that the booty was said to in Drumann, Gesch. Roms, vol. ii. pp. 117-152.)
amount to 8500 talents. This immense sum only 12. L. CAssIus LONuINUS, brother:of No. 11,
whetted still more the appetite, of Cassius, and assisted M. Laterensis in accusing Cn. Plancius, in
VOL. II. SF