A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

78&8 LITORITUS. LIVIA.
favourites of the gods; and, in the midst of the haps, have liveid in the fourth or fiftlh century after
l;joyyment of their happy youth, they are carried Christ. A few fragments of his writings, which
off by a sudden or violent death; but their remem- are all that remain, are'to be found in the collection
brance is kept alive by men, who celebrate their of writers on veterinary surgery, first published in
memory in dirges and appropriate rites, and seek Latin by Jean de la Ruelle, Paris 15;-30, fol., and
the vanished youths generally about the middle of afterwards in Greek by Simon. Grynaeus, Basil,
summer, but in -vain. The feeling which seems to 1537, 4to. [W. A. G.]
have given rise to the stories about these person- LITYERSES (ArrvEpo,7s), a natural son of
ages, who'form a distinct class by themselves in Midas, lived at Celaenae in Phrygia, engaged in
Greek mythology; is deeply felt'grief at the cata- rural pursuits, and hospitablyreceived all strangers
strophes observable in nature, which dies away that passed his house, but he then compelled them to
under the influence of the burning sun (Apollo) assist him in the harvest, and whenever they allowed
soon after it has developed all its fairest beauties. themselves to be surpassed by him in their work,
Those popular dirges, therefore, originally the ex- he cut off their heads in the evening, and concealed
pression of grief at the premature death of nature their bodies in the sheaves, accompanying his deed
through the heat of the sun, were transformed into with songs. Heracles, however, slew him, and
lamentations of the deaths of youths, and were threw his body into the Maeander. The Phrygian
sung on certain religious occasions. They were reapers used to celebrate his memory in a harvestafterwards considered to have been the productions song which bore the name of Lityerses (Schol. ad
of the very-same youthslwhose momory was cele- Tlieocrit. x.'41; Athen..x. p. 615, xiv. p. 619
brated in them. The whole class of songs of this Eustath. ad Honm. p. 1164; Hesych., Phot., Suid.
kind was called bSpryoL OKIror, and the most cele- s. v.; Pollux, iv. 54). Concerning the song LityS
brated and popular among them was the Aivos, erses see Eichstidt,- De Dranzate Graecor. comicowhich appears to have been popular even in the satyrico, iznprimis de Sosithei Lityersa, p. 16, &c.;
days of Homer. (II. xviii. 569, with the Schol.) Ilgen, De Scoliorum Poesi, p. 16, &c, [L. S.]
Pamphos, the Athenian, and Sappho, sang of Linus LIVILLA, [LIVIA.]
under the name of Oetolinus (eros Alvov, i. e. the LI'VIA. i. Daughter of M. Liilus Drusus,
death of Linus, Paus. ix. 29. ~ 3); and the tragic consul B. c. 112, and sister of M. Livius Drusus,
poets, in mournful choral odes, often use the form the celebrated tribune of the plebs, who was killed
adfAvos (Aeschyl. Agam. 121; Soph. Ajax, 627; B. c. 91. [See the genealogical table, Vol. I. p.
Eurip. Ph/oen. 1535, Orest. 1380), which is a 1076.] She was married first to'M; Porcius Cato,
compound of at, the interjection, and Aive. As by whom she had Cato Uticensis (Cic. Brut. 62;
regards the etymology of Linus, Welcker regards Val. Max. iii. 1. ~ 2; Aur. Vict. de Vir. Ill. 80;
it as formed from the mournful interjection, li, Plut. Cat. il/in. i. 2), and subsequently to Q.
while others, on the analogy of Hyacinthus and Servilius Caepio, by whom she had a daughter,
Narcissus, consider Linus to have originally been Servilia, who was the mother of M. Brutus, who
the name of a flower (a species of narcissus). killed Caesar. (Plut. Brut. 2, Caes. 62, Cat. Min.
(Phot. Len. p. 224, ed. Pors. Eustath. ad Hom. 24.) Some writers suppose that Caepio was her
p. 99; compare in general Ambrosch, De Lino, first husband, and Cato her second.
Berlin, 1829, 4to; Weleker, Kleine Schriften, i. 2. LIVIA I)RUSILA, the wife of Augustus, was
p. 8, &ci; E. v. Lasaulx, Ueber die Linosklage, the daughter of Livius Dnrsus Claudianus [DRusus,
Wiirzburg, 1842, 4to.) [L. S.] No. 7], who had been adopted by one of the Livia
LIPA'SIUS, the engraver of a beautiful gem, gens, but was a descendant of App. Claudius
bearing the head of the city Antioch, with the in- Caecus. Livia was born on the 28th of September,
scription AIAC lOT, in the Museum Worsleyanuln B. C. 56-54. -(Letronne, Rechercles pouar servia'
(p. 143). According to Raoul-Rochette, however, a l'Histoire de l'Egypte, p. 171.) She was married
the name should be read'Aarao%'ov. (Lettre a M. first to Tib. Claudius Nero; but her beauty having
Schorn, p. 33, or'p. 122, 2d edit.) [P. S.J attracted the notice of Octavian at the beginning
LIPODO'RUS (Airrdwpos) commanded a body of B. c. 38, her husband was compelled to divorce
of 3000 soldiers in the army of the Greeks, who, her, and surrender her to the triumvir. She had
having been settled by Alexander the Great in the already borne her husband one son, the future emppper or eastern satrapies of Asia, revolted as soon peror Tiberius, and at the time of her marriage
as they heard of his.death, in B. c. 323. Pithon, with Augustus. was six months pregnant with
having been sent against them by the regent Per- another, who subsequently received the name of
diccas, found means to'bribe Lipodorus, who Drusus. It was onrly two years'previously that
drew off his men during' the heat of the battle, she'had been obliged to fly before Octavian, in conand thus caused the defeat of his friends. (Diod. sequence of her husband having'fought against him
xviii, 4, 7; Droysen, Gesc/h. der Nachlf Alex. pp. in the Perusinian war, (Suet. Tib. 3, 4; Vell.,56-58.) [E. E.] Pat. ii. 75, 79; Suet, Aug. 62; Dion Cass. xlviii,
LITAE (Arraa), a personification of the prayers 15, 34, 44.)
offered up in repentance. They are described as Livia never:bore Augustus any children, but
the daughters of Zeus, and as following closely be- she continued to have unbounded influence over
hind crime,' and endeavouring to make amends for him till the time of his death. The empire which
what has been done; but whoever disdains to she had gained by her charms she maintained by
receive them, has himself to atone'for the crime the purity of her conduct and the fascination of her
that has been committed. (Hom. II. ix. 502, &c.; manners, as well as by a perfect knowledge of the
Eustath.'ad Horn. p. 768-; Hesych. s. v. alrae, calls character of Augustus, whom she endeavoured to
them Aetae, which however is probably only a please in eveiy way, She was a consummate
mistake in the name.) [L. S.] actress, excelled in dissimulation and intrigue, and
LITO'RIUS (AsrJpsos) a veterinary surgeon, a never troubled either herself or her husband by
native of Beneventum in Samnium, who may, per- colnplaining of the numerous mistresses of the