A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

786 LIGARIUS. LIMA.
2. Of Sicily, a rhetorician, the pupil of Gorgias, Ligarius, who met with the same fate. Now, as
and the teacher of Polus, and the authority of a Cicero expressly mentions three brothers of this
work on rhetoric, entitled TreXVf. He is mentioned name (pro Lig. 12), Q. Ligarius must have been
by Plato (Phaedr. p. 267; comp. the scholia and one of those who were put to death on this occaHeindorf's note), and is quoted by Aristotle (Rhet. sion.
iii. 2, 13) and by Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Lys. 2. T. LIGARIuS, brother of the preceding, was
p. 82, 36; De Thucyd. Idiom. p. 133, 31, 148, 1; appointed quaestor by Caesar, and perished in the
Dem. 179, 31, ed. Sylburg. et alib.). Dionysius proscription of the triumvirs. (Cic. ad Att. xiii.
frequently mentions the characteristics of his style, 44, pro Lig. 12; Appian, B. C. iv. 22, 23.)
which was smooth and elegant, but somewhat 3. LIGARIUS, a brother of the two preceding,
affected, abounding in exactly balanced antitheses. whose praenomen is not mentioned, perished along
In grammar he gave much attention to the clas- with his brothers in the same proscription. (Apsification of'nouns. (Spengel, vuvaywry. reXv. pp. pian, 1. c.)
88, &c.; Schneidewin, in the Gutting. G. A. for 4. P. LIGARIUS, was taken prisoner by Caesar
1845.) [P. S.] in the African war, B.C. 46, and was put to death:''LIGA'RIIUS, the name of three brothers, who by him, because he had been previously pardoned
lived in the time of the civil war between Caesar by Caesar in Spain in B. C. 49, on the condition
and Pompey. They were of Sabine origin. (Cic. that he should not serve against him. (Auct. Bell.
pro Lig. 11.) Afr. 64.) This Publius may have been a brother
1. Q. LIGARIUS, is first mentioned in B. C. 50 of the three other Ligarii, but is nowhere menas legate, in Africa, of C. Considius Longus, who tioned as such.
left him in command of the province, while he LIGEIA or LIGEA (Aiyela), i. e. the shrill
went to Rome to become a candidate for the con- sounding, occurs as the name of a seiren and of a
sulship. [CONSIDIUs, No. 9.] On the breaking nymph. (Eustath. ad Homn. p. 1709; Virg. Georg.
out of the civil war in the following year, L. Attius iv. 336.) [L. S.]
Varus, who had commanded the Pompeian troops LIGUR. The name Ligur or Ligus, without
at Auximum, and had been obliged to fly before any nomen, occurs in Cicero, ad Att. xii. 23, where
Caesar, arrived in Africa, of which province he had he is ironically congratulated with respect to a
been formerly propraetor, Into his hands Ligarius daughter called Gamala. [C. P. M.]
resigned the government, although L. Aelius LIGUR, AE'LIUS, tribune of the plebs, B. C.
Tubero had been appointed to the province by the. 57, endeavoured by his veto to prevent the passing
senate; and when Tubero made his appearance off of the decree of the senate for Cicero's recall. He
Utica shortly afterwards, he was not permitted seems to have been an obscure individual, and, aceven to land. Ligarius fought under Varu-s against cording to Cicero, had assumed a surname to which
Curio in the course of the same year (B.C. 49), he had no right. (Cic. pro Sext. 31, 32, 43, pro
and against Caesar, himself in B. C. 46. After the Dom. 19, de Harusp. Resp. 3.) - [C. P. M.]
battle of Thapsus, in which the Pompeian army LLGUR, OCTA'VIUS. 1. M. a Roman senawas defeated, Ligarius was taken prisoner at Adru- tor. During the piaetorship of C. Sacerdos he had
metum. His life was spared, but he was banished become possessed of an estate in Sicily by the will
by Caesar; His- friends at Rome exerted them- of one C. Sulpicius Olympus. When Verres beselves to procure his pardon, but were unable to came praetor, in accordance with one of his edicts
succeed at first, notwithstanding the intercession the'daughter of. the patronus of Sulpicius sued
of his brothers, of his uncle, T. Brocchus, and of Ligur for a sixth part of the estate. Ligur found
Cicero' himself,. who had an audience with the himself compelled to come to Rome to assert and
dictator on the 23d of September, B. C.' 46, for the defend his rights. Verres. afterwards demanded
purpose. Meantime, a public accusation was brought money from Ligur for trying the cause. M. Ligur
against Ligarius by Q. Aelius Tubero, the son of and his brother are set down as tribunes of the
L. Tubero, whom Ligarius had united with Varus plebs in the same year (B. C. 82) by Pighius (vol.
in preventing from landing in Africa. He was Iiii. p. 266). (Cic. in Verr. i. 48, ii. 7, 48.)
accused on account of his conduct in Africa, and 2. L. The brother of the preceding. During the
his connection with the enemies of the dictator. absence of his brother he defended his interests'
The case was pleaded before Caesar himself in the against the unjust proceedings of Verres (B. C. 74).
forum. Cicero defended Ligarius in a speech still He is possibly the same who is mentioned'by
extant, in which he maintains that Ligarius had Cicero (ad Att. vii. 18. ~ 4). [C. P. M.]
as much claims to the mercy of Caesar, as Tubero LIGUR, VA'RIUS, a man mentioned once or
and Cicero himself. Ligarius was pardoned by twice by Tacitus. In Annal. iv. 42, he is spoken
Caesar, who was on the point of setting out for the of as the paramour of Aquilia (A. D. 25). Some'
Spanish war, and who probably was not sorry to time after he escaped a prosecution by buying off
have this public opportunity of exhibiting his usual the informers. (Annal. vi. 30.) [C. P -:M.]
mercy. The speech which Cicero delivered in his' LIGYRON (AvySpwv), i. e. the whi:ning, is
defence was subsequently published, and was much said to have been the original name of Achilles,
admired. Ligarins, however, felt no "gratitude, for and to have been changed into Achilles by Cheiron.
the favour that had been shown:himr and eagerly (Apollod. iii. 13. ~ 6'; comp. ACHILLES.) [L. S.]
joined the conspirators, who assassinated Caesar in LILAEA (AkAata), a- Naiad, a daughter of Ce1. c. 44. (Cic. pro Ligeaio, passim, ad Fain. vi. phissus, from- whom the town of Lilaea in Phocis
13, 14, ad Att. xiii. 12, 19, 20, 44; Auct. Bell. was believed to have derived its name.: (Paus. x.
Aft. 89'; Plut. Cie. 39, Brut. l; Appian, B.. C. 33. ~ 2.) [L. S.]
ii. 113.) Appian speaks of two brothers of the LIMA, a Roman divinity protecting the threshname of Ligarius, who-perished in the proscription old (lime?, Arnob.. adv. Gent. iv. 9);: it is, howof the'triumvirs in B.C..43 (B. C. iv. 22),'and ever, not impossible that she may be the same as
in the following chapter (c. 23) he mentions akthird the dea Limentina. - [LK;ENTINU&SJ [L. S.]