A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

784 LICINUS. LICINUS.
tice which might interfere with thegratification of Caesar, whose confidence he gained so much as to
his- passions, but he was systematically treacherous be made his dispensator or steward. Caesar gave
and cruel, possessed of not one redeeming quality him his freedom, perhaps in his testament, as he is
save physical courage and military skill. When called by some writers thle freedman of Augustus,
he destroyed the helpless family of Maximinus he who, we know, carried into execution the will of
might plead that he only followed the ordinary his uncle. Licinus gained the favour of Augustus,
usage of Oriental despots in extirpating the whole as well as of Julius Caesar, and was appointed by
race of a rival; but the murders of the unoffending the former, in B.c. 15, governor of his native
Severianus, of Candidianus the son of his friend country, Gaul. He oppressed and plundered his
and benefactor Galerius, who alone had made him- countrymen so unmercifully, that they accused him
what he was, of Prisca and of Valeria, the wife before Augustus, who was at first disposed to treat
and daughter of Diocletian [VALERIA], form a his favourite with severity, but was mollified by
climax of ingratitude and cold-blooded -ferocity to Licinus exhibiting to him the immense wealth
which few parallels can be found even in the re- which he had accumulated in Gaul, and offering
volting annals of the Roman empire. (Zosim. ii. 7, him the whole of it. Licinus thus escaped punish11, 17-28; Zonar. xiii. 1; Aurel. Vict. de Caes. ment, and seems, moreover, to have been permitted
40, 41, Epit. 40, 41; Eutrop. x. 3, 4; Oros. vii. byAugustus to retain his property. His fortune was
28.) [W. R.] so great that his name was used proverbially to indicate a man of enormous wealth, and is frequently
aQ~ coupled with that of Crassus. To gratify his
imperial master, Licinus, like many of his contemporaries, devoted part of his property to the
erection of a public building, the "Basilica Julia,"
which he called after the name of his former
master. He lived to see the reign of Tiberius.
(Dion Cass. liv. 21:; Suet. Aug. 67; Juv.; i. 109,
COIN OF LIdINIUS,- SENIOR.
with Schol. xiv. 306; Pers. ii. 36,-with Schol.;
LICI'NIUS, whose full name was FLAVIUS Macrob. S&t. ii. 4; Senec. Ep. 119. ~ 10, 120 ~
VALERIUS LICINIANUS LICINIUS, was a son of the 20; Sidon. Ep. v. 7.) There was a splendid
emperor Licinius and Constantia [CONSTANTIA; marble tomb of Licinus on the Via Salaria, at the
THEODORA], and was born A. D. 315. On the second milestone from the city; in reference to
first of March 317, when not yet twenty months which the following pointed epigram is preserved:
old, he was proclaimed Caesar along with- his
cousins Crispus and Constantinus, and in 319 wasmoeo Licinus tmul jacet atCato parvo,
the colleague in the consulship of his uncle Con- Pompeins nullo; quis putet esse deos?"
stantine the Great. But the poor boy was stripped (Meyer, Antlhol. Lat. vol. i. No. 77, with Meyer's
of all his honours upon the downfal of his father note, p. 31). This tomb is also alluded to by
in 323, and, according to Eutropius, whose account Martial (viii. 3. 6). For an account of this Licinus,
is corroborated by St. Jerome, was put to death in see Madvig, Opuscula altera, pp. 202-205.
323, at the same time with the ill-fated Crispus 2. The barber (tonsor) Licinus spoken of by
[CRISPUS]. It' appears from medals that he en- Horace (Ars Poet. 301), must have been a different
joyed the haughty titles of Jovizus and Dominus in person from the preceding; and the scholiast
common with his father; but although coins have has therefore made a mistake in referring to the
been described on which he appears with the epi- barber in the epigram quoted above.
thet Augustus we have no reason to believe that he LI'CINUS, CLO'DIUS, a Roman annalist, who
had any formal claim to this designation, which was lived apparently about the beginning of the first
probably annexed to his name by moneyers in century B. c., as Cicero (de Leg. i. 2. ~ 6), speaks
ignorance or flattery. (Aurel. Vict. de Caes. 41, of him as a successor of Caelius Antipater. [ANEpit. 41; Eutrop. x. 4; Zosim. ii. 20; Theophan. TIPATER, CAELIUS.] The work of Clodius Licinus,
Citron. ad ann. 315.) [W. R.] the title of which Plutarch (Num. 1) gives in
Greek, -as VEASyXos Xpdowv, appears to have ex-....'o - -v~g<> tended from the taking of Rome by the Gauls to
-4 A t Youohis own time. Plutarch quotes (.c.) his authority
Add~u! ) M aO}nfor the destruction of the public records of the
city when it was captured by the Gauls; and we
learn from Livy (xxix. 22) that Licinus spoke, in
the third book, of the second consulship of Scipio
Africanus the elder; and from a fragment of
COIN OF LICINIUS, JUNIOR. Appian (Celt. 3), that he gave an account of the
LTCI'NIUS CAECI'NA. [CAECINA.] defeat of L. Cassius Longinus by the Tigurini,
LICI'NIUS GETA. [GETA.] B.C. 107. This Clodius is called by Cicero and
LICI'NIUS PRO'CULUS. [PRocUvLs.] Plutarch simply Clodius, by Livy Clodius Licinus,
LI'CINUS, a surname in several gentes, is fre- and by Appian IHa6Act Tr- Khavu[p;- instead of
quently written Licinius; but in the Capitolini the last, which is evidently corrupt, we should
Fasti and on coins we always find Licinus, which perhaps read Publius Clodius, so that his full name
is no doubt the correct form, the name of Licinius would then be P. Clodius Licinus. This Clodius
being subtituted for it, on account of its much is frequently confounded with Q. Claudils Quadrigreater celebrity. (Comp. Madvig, Opuscula alltera, garius. [QUAVDRIGAKIUS.] Niebuhr thinks (Hist.
p. 205.) of Rome, vol. ii. p. 2) that the passage of Plutarch
LI'CINUS. 1. A Gaul by birth, who was quoted above refers to Claudius Quadrigarius; but
taken prisoner in war, and became a slave of Julius as Plutarch speaks of him as KXAJo'rs ris, it seems