A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

782 ICINIA. LICINIANUS.
induced MIarcia and Licinia to submit to the'em- the younger Marius. Hence we find the elder
braces of the friends of her seducer. Marcia con- Marius spoken of as the affinis of the orator
fined her favours to her original lover; but Licinia Crassus (Cic. pro Balb. 21, de Oral. i. 15. ~ 66, iii.
and Aemilia had intercourse with numerous other 2. ~ 8). An impostor of the name of Amatius or
persons; their guilt notwithstanding remained a Herophilus, pretended to have sprung from this
secret for some time, till at length a slave, called marriage. [AMATIUS.]
Manius, who had assisted them in all their intrigues, LICI'NIA GENS, a celebrated plebeian gens,
disappointed in receiving neither his freedom nor the to which belonged C. Licinius Calvus Stolo, whose
rewards which had been promised him, informed exertions threw open the consulship to the plebeians,
against them. All three were brought to trial; but and which became one of the most illustrious
as the college of pontiffs, of which the president at gentes in the latter days of the republic, by the
the time was L. Metellus, condemned (in December, Crassi and Luculli, who were likewise members of
see Macrob. Saturn. i. 10) only Aemilia, but ac- it. The origin of the gens is uncertain. A bilingual
quitted Licinia and Marcia, the subject was brought inscription, published by Lanzi (Saggio di Lingua
before the people -by Sex. Peducaeus, the tribune Etrusc. vol. ii. p. 342, Rom. 1789), shows that the
of the plebs. The people adopted *the unusual name of Leene, which frequently occurs in Etruscourse of taking the matter out of the hands can sepulchral monuments, corresponds to that of
of the pontiffs y appointing L. Cassius Longinus. Lcinimm and hence it would appear that the family
[LONGLNUS, No. 4] to investigate the matter; and was of Etruscan origin. This opinion is thought
he condemned not only Licinia, who was defended to be supported by the fact, that in the consulship
by L. Crassus, the'orator, and Marcia, but also of C. Licinius Calvus Stolo, B.c. 364, Etruscan
many others. The severity with which he acted players took part in the public games at Rome; but
on this occasion was generally reprobated by public as it is recorded by Livy that scenic games were
opinion. The orator M. Antonius was accused of established in this year to avert the anger of the
being one of the paramours of these virgins, but gods, and that Etruscan players were accordingly
was acquitted. [ANTONIUS,'No. 8.] - sent for (Liv. vii. 2), it is not necessary to imlagine
Various measures were adopted to purify the that this was done simply because Licinius kept up
state from the pollution which had been brought his connection with Etruria. We moreover find
upon it by these crimes. A temple was built to the name in the cities of Latium, both in the formn
the honour of Venus Verticordia, and four men of a cognomen (Licinus), and of the gentile name
were buried alive in the forum boarium, two Greeks (Licinius). Thus we meet in Tusculum with the
and two Gauls, in accordance with the commands Porcii Licini [LICINUS], and in Lanuvium with the
of the Sibylline books. This history of Licinia's Licinii Murenae [MURENA]. The name would
crimes is of some importance, since it shows us therefore seem to have been originally spread both
that, even as early as this time, the Roman ladies through Etruria and Latium.
of the higher orders had already begun to be in- The first member of this gens who obtained the
fected with that licentious profligacy which was consulship, was the celebrated C. Licinius Calvus
afterwards exhibited with such shamelessness by Stolo, in B. C. 364; and from this period down to
the Messallinas and Faustinas of the empire. (Dion the later times of the empire, the Licinii constantly
Cass. Fr. 92; Oros. v. 15; Plut. Quaest. Rorn. p. held some of the higher offices of the state, until
284, b.; Ascon. ad Cic. Mil. 12, p. 46, ed. Orelli; eventually they obtained the imperial dignity.
Cic. de Nat. Deor. iii. 30, Brut. 43; Obsequ. 97; [See below, p. 783.]
Liv. Epit. 63.) The family-names of this gens are, CALVTJS (with
The vestal virgin Licinia, with whom the trium- the agnomens Esquilinus and Stolo), CRASSUS
vir M. Crassus was accused of having had inter- (with the agnomen Dives ), GETA, LUCULLUS.
course (Plut.' Crass. 1), must have been a different MACER, MURENA, NERVA, SACERDOS, VARUS.
person from the preceding, as M. Crassus was not The other cognomens of this gens are personal surborn before B. C. 114. She may perhaps have names rather than family-names: they are ARCHIAS,
been the same as the vestal virgin Licinia, the re- CAECINA [CAECINA, No. 10], D'AMASIPPUS, IMlation of L. Murena, who was of assistance to the BREX, LXARTIUS, LENTICULUS, NEPos, PROCUIus,l
latter in his canvass for the consulship, in sB. C. 63. REGULUS, RUFINUS, SQUILLUS, TEGULA. The
(Cic. pro Mur. 35. ~ 73.) only cognomens which occur on coins are Crassus,
3. A daughter of P. Licinius Crassus, consul Macer, Isureena, Nerva, Slolo. A few Liciii
B.C. 131, married C. Sulpicius Galba, who was occur without a surname: they are, with one or
condemned in B. c. 110, for having been bribed by two exceptions, freedmen, and are given under
Jugurtha [GALBA, No. 8]. (Cic. Brut. 26, 33, LICINIUS.
de Orat. i. 56; comp. Tac. Hist. i. 15.) LICINIA'NUS, an agnomen of M. Calpurnius
4. The sister of No. 3, was married to C. Sem- Piso Frugi, whom Galba associated in the empire,
pronius Gracchus, the celebrated tribune of the A. D. 69. [Piso.]
plebs. (Plut. C. Gracch. 17; Dig. 24. tit. 3. s. LICINIA'NUS, GRA'NIUS, a Latin writer,
66.) who appears to have written a work entitled
5. The daughter of L. Licinius Crassus the 1" Fasti," of which the second book is quoted by
orator, consul B. C. 95, married P. Scipio Nasica, Macrobius (Saturn. i. 16). As Licinianus in his
praetor 1n. c. 94, who was the son of P. Scipio work spoke of a sacrifice offered by the Flaminica,
Nasica, consul B. C. 111. Both she and her sister' he is probably the same person as the Granius cited
[No. 6] were distinguished for the purity and by Festus (s. v. Ricae), to explain the meaning of
elegance with which they spoke the Latin' language, the word Ricae.
an accomplishment which'their mother Mucia, and LICINIA'NUS, VALE'RIUS, a man of-praetheir grandmother Laelia equally possessed. (Cic. torian rank, was accused in the reign of Domitian
Brut. 58.) of the crime of incest with Cornelia, the chief of
6. A sister of the preceding, was the wife of the vestal virgins (viryo maxinza)., His guilt was