A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

756. T..LEONTIUS. LEONTIUS.
we know not on what authority, as Oratio in Pas- araec. Monumt. vol. iii. p. 366), but the work De
sionem S. Babylae, which is cited in the Paschal ectis appears from internal evidence to have been
Chronicle in the notice of the Decianl persecution. written at least half a century after Justinian's
In this fragment Leontius distinctly asserts that death, and must therefore be the work of a later
both the Emperor Philip, the Arabian, and his Leontius. Photius (cod. 231) and Nicephorus
wife, were avowed Christians. (Socrat. H. E. ii. Callisti (H. E. xviii. 48) call the author of the De
26; Sozomen, HI. E. iii. 20; Theodoret. H. E. ii. Sectis a monk, and do not notice his earlier pro10, 24; Philostorg. H. E. iii. 15, 17, 18; Athanas. fession. Galland (Bibl. Patrum, vol. xii. Proleqom.
Apolog. de Fuga sua, c. 26, Hist. Arianor. ad c. 20) says that Leontius retired from the bar, and
Monachos, c. 28, Chron. Pasch. vol. i. pp. 270, embraced a monastic life in Palestine; but we ap289, ed. Paris, pp. 216, 231, ed. Venice, pp. 503, prehend this is only a supposition, intended to
535, ed. Bonn; Cave, Ilistoria Litteraria, vol. i. account for the designation HIEROSOLYvMITANUS
p. 211, ed. Oxon. 1740-43; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. in the title of some of the works, which he ascribes
vol. viii. 324.) to this Leontius. Oudin, who is disposed to iden2. Of ARABISSUS, in Cappadocia, ot which town tify several of the Leontii, supposes that the exhe was bishop, an ecclesiastical writer of uncertain scholasticus became a monk and abbot of St. Saba
date. Photius has noticed twvo of his works:- 1. (comp. No. 26), near Jerusalem. (De Scriptorib.
Eis T'rY K-lov Aod'yeo, Sermo de Creatione; and, Eccles. vol. i. col. 1462, &c.)
2. Els T(V AdRapor, De Lazaro; and gives a long The works which appear to be by this Leontius
extract from the former, and a shorter extract from are as follows:- 1. 2X4hAa, Scholia, " taken down
the latter. (Photius, Cod. 272; Cave, Hist. Litt. from the lips of Theodorus, the most godly abbot
vol. i. p. 551; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. viii. p. 324, and wisest philosopher, accomplished alike in sacred
vol. x. pp. 268, 771.) and profane learning." This work, which is more
3. Of ARELATE or ARLES, was bishop of that commonly cited by the title De Sectis, consists of
city about the middle of the fifth century. Several ten divisions called irpiaELs, Actiones: it was first
letters were written to him by Pope Hilarius (A. D. published with a Latin version by Leunclavius, in
461-467) which are given in the Concilia: and a volume containing several other pieces, 8vo. Basel,
a letter of Leontius to the pope (dated A. D. 462) 1578, and was reprinted in the Azuctarium Bibliois given in the Spicilegiumn of D'Achery (vol. v. p. thecae Patrum -of Ducaeus, vol. i. fol. Paris, 1624;
578 of the original edition, or vol. iii. p. 302, in in the Bibliotheca Patrum, vol. xi. fol. Paris,
the edition of De La Barre, fol. Paris, 1723), and 1644; and in the Bibliotheca Patrum of Galland,
in the Concilia. Leontius presided in a council at vol. xii. p. 625, &c., fol. Venice, 1778. The Latin
Arles, held about A. D. 475, to condemn an error. version alone is given in several other editions of
into which some had fallen respecting the doctrine the Bibliotheca Patrum. 2. Contra Eutyclhianos et
of predestination. He appears to have died in Nestorianos Libri Tres. s. C(onfutatio utriusque FicA. D. 484. He is mentioned by Sidonius Apolli- tionis inter se contrariae: some speak of the three
naris. (Sidon. Apollin. Epist. vii. 6, (loncilia, books into which this treatise is divided as disvol. iv. col. 1039, 1044, 1041*, 1828, ed. Labbe; tinct works. 3. Liber adversus eos qui proferunt
Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 449; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. nobis quaedarn Apollinarii, falso inscripta nomine
vol. viii. p. 324, vol. xii. p. 653, Bibl. Med. et Infim. Sanctoru6n Patrum s. Adversus Fraudes ApollinaLatinitatis, vol. v. p. 268, ed. Mansi; Tillemont, ristarum. 4. Solutiones Aiq-umentationum Seveli.
]lmoires, vol. xvi. p. 38.) 5. Dubitationes hypotheticae et definientes contra eos
4. BURDEGALENSIS or of BORDEAUX. [No. qui negant in Christo post Unionem duas veras
16.] Naturas. These pieces have not been printed in
5. Of BYZANTIUM or CONSTANTINOPLE, an the original, but Latin versions from the papers of
ecclesiastical writer of the latter part of the sixth FranciscusTurrianus were published by Canisius in
and the commencement of the seventh century, his Lectiones Antiquae,'vol. iv. (or vol. i. p. 525, &c.
sometimes designated, from his original profession, ed. Basnage), and were reprinted in the Bibliotheca
SCHOLASTICUS, i.e. the pleader. Several works of Patrum, vol. ix. fol. Lyon, 1677, and in the
about the same period bear the name of Leontius, above mentioned volume of the Bibliotheca of
distinguished by the surnames of BYZANTINUS, Galland. 6. Apologia Concilii Chalcedonensis.
PRESBYTER CONSTANTINOPOLITANUS, Cv'PRIUS, This-was printed with a Latin version and notes,
HIEROSOLYMITANUS, MONACHUS, NEAPOLITA- by Antonio Bongiovanni, in the Concilia, vol.
NUS, and PRESBYTER et ABBAS ST. SABAE; and vii. p. 799, ed. Mansi, fol. Florence, 1762, and
as there is difficulty in determining how many was reprinted by Galland, 1. c. In the title. Leindividuals are designated by these various epithets, ontius is called Monachus Hierosolymitanus, but
and which of the various works ascribed to them the word Hierosolymitanus is possibly an error of
should be assigned to each, it will be desirable to the transcriber. At any rate Galland identifies
compare the present article, which refers to the the writer with our Leontius; and the subject of
author of the work De Sectis, with Nos. 20 and 26. the work makes it probable that he is right. 7.
According to Cave, Leontius, having given up Adversus Eutychianos (s. Severianos) et Nestorianos,
the exercise of his profession as a scholasticus, in octo libros distinctumn. This work is described
retired to the monastery which had been founded by Canisius::as being extant in MS. at Munich,
by St. Saba near Jerusalem, but was rejected by and by Falricius as occurring in the catalogue of
that saint for his adherence to the obnoxious tenets the Palatine library. 8. Liber de Duplici Nature
of Origen. But Cave is manifestly in error, and in Christo contra Haeresin Monophysitaru m. Labbe
has confounded two different persons of the same and Cave speak of this as extant in MS. at Viname and place. The Leontius of Byzantium, who enna; and they add to it Disputatio contra Philowas excluded by St. Saba for Origenism, died in sophumn Arianum, but this last piece seems to be
the reign of the emperor Justinian I. (Cyril. Scy- an extract from Gelasius of Cyzicus [GELASlzus,
thopolit. Vita S. Sabae, c. 86, apud Coteler. Eccles. No. 3], and is probably one of the discussions be