A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

LEONNATUS. LEONNATNATUS. 753
wrote a work,'AALevrTLIC (Ath. i. p. 13, c.) which keeping watch over Alexander's tent at the time of
is often quoted by Aelian (N. A. ii. 6, 50, iii. 18, the conspiracy of the pages; and even venturing to
xii. 42). excite his resentment by ridiculing the Persian
4. A Stoic philosopher of Rhodes (Strab. xiv. p. custom of. prostration. (Curt. vi. 8. 5 17, viii. 1
655), and perhaps the same as the author of a work ~ 46, 6. ~ 22; Arr. Anab. iv. 1'2. ~. 3.) Nor
on Italy, which is quoted by Tzetzes (Schol. ad were his military services less conspicuous; in B. c.
Lycophr. 756). 327 he is mentioned as taking a prominent part in
5. The tutor of Cicero's son Marcus, at Athens. the attack on the hill fort of Chorienes, and was
(Cic. ad Div. xvi. 21, ad Att. xiv. 16.) [P. S.] wounded at the same time with Ptolemy and
LEO'NIDAS, a patronus causarum in the tri- Alexander himself, in the first engagement with
bunal of the praefectus praetorio at Constantinople. the barbarian tribes of the vale of the Chois. On
He was one of the 16 commissioners appointed to a subsequent occasion he led one division of the
compile the Digest under the presidency of Tribo- army to the attack of one of the strong positions
nian. (Const. Tanta, ~ 9; Const. AdSwicKE, which the Indian mountaineers had occupied: but
~ 9.) [J. T. G.] his most distinguished exploit was in the assault on
LEO'NIDAS' (Asewvfas), a physician who was the city of the Malli, where Alexander's life was
a native of Alexandria, and belonged to the sect of only saved by the personal courage and prowess of
the Episynthetici (Pseudo-Galen, Introd. c. 4. vol. Leonnatus and Peucestas. (Arr. Anab. iv. 21, 23,
xiv. p. 684; Cael. Aurel. De Mforb. Acut. ii. 1, p. 24, vi. 10; Curt. viii. 14. ~ 15, ix. 5.) We next
75). As he is quoted by Caelius Aurelianus (1. c.), find him commanding the division of cavalry and
and himself quotes Galen (ap. A et. iv. 2, 11, p.688), light-armed troops which accompanied the fleet of
he probably lived in the second and third centuries Alexander down the Indus, along the right bank of
after Christ. Of his writings, which appear to have the river. During the subsequent march from
chiefly related to surgical subjects, nothing remains thence back to Persia, he was left with a strong
but some fragments preserved by Aetius (pp. 241, force in the country of the Oreitae, to enforce the
397, 686, 687, 688, 689, 691, 692, 736, 741, 743, submission of that tribe and maintain the com799, 800, 802) and Paulus Aegineta (iv. 59,p. 534, munications with the fleet under Nearchus. These
vi. 32, 44, 64, 67, 78, pp. 562, 569. 578, 580, 585), objects he successfully accomplished; and the Oreitae
from which we may judgd that he was a skilful and neighbouring barbarians having assembled a
WpRrVa9;& 1nt [W A. Ga _ larg army; he totally defateld them with heavy
LEO'NIDAS, artists. 1. A painter, of An- loss. As a reward for these various services, he
thedon, and a disciple of the great painter Euphra- was selected by Alexander as one of those whom
nor. (Steph. Byz. s. v.'AvYOarci&; Eustath. ad Hom. he honoured with crowns of gold during his stay
Il. ii. 508.) at Susa, B. C. 325. (Arr. Anab. vi. 18, 20, 22,
2. An architect, of little note, who wrote upon vii. 5, Ind. 23, 42; Curt. ix. 10.)
proportions (Vitruv. vii. praef. ~. 14). [P. S.] Leonnatus thus held so conspicuous a place among
LEONNA'TUS (Aeovvriros). 1. A Macedonian the Macedonian generals, that in the first delibeof Pella, one of Alexander's most distinguished rations which followed the death of Alexander, it
officers. His father's name is variously given, as was proposed to associate him with Perdiccas, as one
Anteas, Anthes, Onasus, and Eunus. (Arrian. of the guardians of the infant king, the expected
Anab. iii. 5. ~ 7, vi. 28. ~ 6, Ind. 18, ap. Phot. p. child of Roxana. (Curt. x. 9. ~ 3; Justin. xiii.
69, a, ed. Bekker). According to Curtius he was 2.) In the arrangements ultimately adopted howdescended from a royal house (Curt. x. 7), which ever, he obtained only the satrapy. of the Lesser
may be the reason we find him early occupying a or Hellespontine Phrygia (Arrian. ap. Phot. p. 69,
distinguished post about the person of Philip of b; Dexippus, ibid. p. 64, a; Diod. xviii. 3; Curt.
Macedon; at the time of whose death (B. c. 336) x. 10. ~ 2; Justin. xiii. 4.), a share wlhich was
he was one of the select officers called the king's far from contenting his ambition, though he thought
body guards (wu/aTropUdAaKES). In this capacity fit to acquiesce for the time. But hardly had he
he is mentioned as one of those who avenged the arrived to take possession of his government, when
death of Philip upon his assassin Pausanias. (Diod. he received an urgent message from Antipater,
xvi. 94.) Though he accompanied Alexander on calling on him for assistance against the revolted
his expedition to Asia, he did not at first hold an Greeks. Nearly at the same time also arrived
equally distinguished position in the service of the letters from Cleopatra, the sister of Alexander,
young king: he was only an officer of the ordinary urging him to aid her against Antipater, and offerguards (/raTpot) when he was sent by Alexander ing him her hand in marriage. Leonnatus immeafter the battle of Issus to announce to the wife of diately determined to avail himself of the double
Dareius the tidings of her husband's safety. (Arr. opportunity thus presented to his ambition; first
Anab. ii. 12. ~ 7; Curt. iii, 12; Diod. xvii. 37; to assist Antipater against the Greeks, and after
Plut. Alex. 21.) Shortly after, however, during having freed him fromn that danger, to expel
Alexander's stay in Egypt (B. c. 331), Leonnatus him in his turn from Macedonia, marry Cleopatra,
was appointed to succeed Arrhybas as one of the and seat himself upon the throne. With these
seven rew1uaaTocpzAacesr (Arr. Anab. iii. 5, vi. 28), views (for which he in vain enieavoured to obtain
and from this time forward his name continually the support of Eumenes) he crossed over into
occurs, together with those of Hephaestion, Per- Europe at the head of a considerable army, and
diccas, and Ptolemy, among the officers immediately advanced into Thessaly to the relief of Antipater,
about the king's person, or employed by him on who was at this time blockaded in Lamia by the
occasions requiring the utmost confidence. Thus combined forces of the Greeks (B. c. 322). He
we find him making one of the secret council ap- was met by the Athenians and their allies under
pointed to inquire into the guilt of Philotas; present An'tiphilus, and a pitched battle ensued, in which,
at the quarrel between Alexander and Cleitus, and though the main army of the Macedonians suffered
attempting in vain to check the fury of the king; but little, their cavalry, commanded by Leonnatus
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