A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

EUCHERIUJS. EUCLEIDES. 63
Tullia. About the year A. D. 410, while still in the separate tracts are carefully enumerated by
the vigour of his age, he determined to retire from Schinemann, and the greater number of them will
the world, and accordingly betook himself, with be found in the "Chronologia S. insulae Lerinenhis wife and family, first to Lerins (Lerinum), and sis," by Vincentius Barralis, Lugdun. 4to. 1613;
from thence to the neighbouring island of Lero or in "D. Eucherii Lug. Episc. doctiss. Lucubrationes
St. Margaret, where he lived the life of a hermit, cura Joannis Alexandri Brassicani," Basil. fol.
devoting himself to the education of his children, 1531; in the Bibliotheca Patrum, Colon. fol. 1618,
to literature, and to the exercises of religion. vol. v. p. 1; and in the Bibl. Pat. Max. Lugdun.
During his retirement in this secluded spot, he ac- fol. 1677, vol. vi. p. 822. (Gennad. de Viris. Ill.
quired so high a reputation for learning and sanc- c. 63; Schoenemann, Bibl. Patrum. Lat. ii. ~ 36.)
tity, that he was chosen bishop of Lyons about This Eucherius must not be confounded with
A. D. 434, a dignity enjoyed by him until his another Gaulish prelate of the same name whe
death, which is believed to have happened in 450, flourished during the early part of the sixth cenunder the emperors Valentinianus III. and Marci- tury, and was a member of ecclesiastical councils
anus. Veranius was appointed his successor in held in Gaul during the years A. D. 524, 527, 529.
the episcopal chair, while Salonius became the head The latter, although a bishop, was certainly not
of the church at Geneva. bishop of Lyons. See Jos. Antelmius, Assertio pro
The following works bear the name of this pre- unico S. Eucherio Lugdunensi episcopo, Paris, 4to.
late: I. De laude Eremi, written about the year 1726.
A. D. 428, in the form of an epistle to Hilarius of There is yet another Eucherius who was bishop
Arles. It would appear that Eucherius, in his of Orleans in the eighth century. [W. R.]
passion for a solitary life, had at one time formed EUCLEIA (Eaefosa), a divinity who was worthe project of visiting Egypt, that he might profit shipped at Athens, and to whom a sanctuary was
by the bright example of the anchorets who dedicated there out of the spoils which the Athethronged the deserts near the Nile. He requested nians had taken in the battle of Marathon. (Paus.
information from Cassianus [CAssIANUS], who re- i. 14. ~ 4.) The goddess was only a personification
plied by addressing to him some of those collationes of the glory which the Athenians had reaped in
in which are painted in such lively colours the the day of that memorable battle. (Comp. Bickh,
habits and rules pursued by the monks and ere- Cbrp. Inscript. n. 258.) Eucleia was also used at
mites of the Thebaid. The enthusiasm excited by Athens as a surname of Artemis, and her sanctuary
these details called forth the letter bearing the was of an earlier date, for Euchidas died in it.
above title. (Plut. Arist. 20; EUCHIDAs.) Plutarch remarks,
2. Epistola paraenetica ad Valerianum cognatum that many took Eucleia for Artemis, and thus
de contemtu mundi et secularis philosophiae, composed made her the same as Artemis Eucleia, but that
about A. D. 432, in which the author endeavours others described her as a daughter of Heracles and
to detach his wealthy and magnificent kinsman Myrto, a daughter of Menoetius; and he adds that
from the pomps and vanities of the world. An this Eucleia died as a maiden, and was worshipped
edition with scholia was published by Erasmus at in Boeotia and Locris, where she had an altar and
Basle in 1520. a statue in every market-place, on which persons on
3. Liber formularum spiritalis intelligentiae ad the point of marrying used to offer sacrifices to her.
Veranium filium, or, as the title sometimes appears, Whether and what connexion there existed beDe forma spiritalis intellectus, divided into eleven tween the Attic and Boeotian Eucleia is unknown,
chapters, containing an exposition of many phrases though it is probable that the Attic divinity was,
and texts in Scripture upon allegorical, typical,, as is-remarked above, a mere personification, and
and mystical principles. consequently quite independent of Eucleia, the
4. Instructionum Libri II. ad Saloniutm filium. daughter of Heracles. Artemis Eucleia had also a
The first book treats " De Quaestionibus difficilio- temple at Thebes.. (Paus. ix. 17. ~ 1.) [L. S.]
ribus Veteris et Novi Testamenti," the second EUCLEIDES (EcKAesl~8s) of ALEXANDRRIA.
contains " Explicationes nominum Hebraicorum." The length of this article will not be blamed by
5. Homiliae. Those, namely, published by Li- any one who considers that, the sacred writers
vineius at the end of the "Sermones Catechetici excepted, no Greek has been so much read or so
Theodori Studitae," Antverp., 8vo. 1602. variously translated as Euclid. To this it may be
The authenticity of the following is very doubtful. added, that there is hardly any book in our lan6. Historia Passionis S. Mquritii et Sociorum guage in which the young scholar or the young
Martyrumi. Legionis Felicis Thebaeae Agaunensium. mathematician can find all the information about7. Exhortatio ad Monachos, the first of three this name which its celebrity would make him
printed by Holstenius in his " Codex Regularumr" desire to have.
Rom. 1661, p. 89. Euclid has almost given his own name to the
8. Epitome Operum Cassiani. science of geometry, in every country in which his
The following are -certainly spurious: 1. Comn- writings are studied; and yet all we know of his
mentarius in Genesim. 2. Commentariorum in private, history amounts to very little. He lived,
libros Regum Libri IV. 3. Epistola ad Faustinum. according to Proclus (Comm. in Eucl. ii. 4), in the
4. Epistola ad Philonem. 5. Regula duplex ad time of the first Ptolemy, B. c. 323-283. The
Monachos. 6. Homiliarum Collectio, ascribed in forty years of Ptolemy's reign are probably those
some of the larger collections of the Fathers to of Euclid's age, not of his youth; for had he been
Eusebius of Emesa, in others to Gallicanus. Eu- trained in the school of Alexandria formed by
cherius is, however, known to have composed many Ptolemy, who invited thither men of note, Proclus
homilies; but, with the exception of those men- would probably have given us the name of his
tioned above (5), they are believed to have perished. teacher: but tradition rather makes Euclid the
No complete collection of the works of Eucherius founder of the Alexandrian mathematical school
has ever been published. The various editions of than its pupil. This point is very material to the