A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

Eg90 JUVENALIS. JUVENCUS.
8vo. Lips.. 1801'; Gott. 1808, Lips. 1819; of'in'Umbril, May 3, A. D. 369. He converted many
Achaintre, 8vo. Paris, 1810; of Weber, 8vo. of the people to Christianity, and is said to have
Weimar, 1825; and of Heinrich, 8vo. Bonn, 1839, performed several miracles, both during his life,
effected probably everything that our present re- and also by his relics after his death, which took
sources will permit us to accomplish. place Aug. 7, A. D. 376. His epitaph is preserved,
Our author appears to have been studied with and also a rhyming Latin hymn, which used to be
extreme avidity upon the revival of letters, and the sung in his honour by the church of Narnia, on the
presses of the fifteenth century teemed with com- day on which his memory was observed, viz. May
mentaries. The earliest were those of Angelus 3. (Acta Sanctor. May, vol. i. p. 376; Surius, de
Sabinus and Domitius Calderinus, both published Probatis Sanctor. Histor. vol. vii. p. 361; Bzovius,
in fol. at Rome in 1474; followed by those of Nomencl. Sanc. Pr-ofess. Medicor.) [W. A. G.]
Georgius Merula, fol. Venet. 1478, and Tarvis, JUVENCUS VE'TTIUS AQUILI'NUS, one
1478; of Georgius Valla, fol. Venet. 1486; of of the earliest among the Christian poets, flourished
Antonius Mancinellus, fol. Venet. 1492; of Badius under Constantine the Great, was a native of
Ascensius, 4to. Lugd. 1498; of Joannes Britan- Spain, the descendant of an illustrious family, and
nicus, fol. Venet. 1499. To these may be added a presbyter of the church. These particulars, for
the annotations of Pulmannus, Pithoeus and Rigal- which we are indebted chiefly to St. Jerome, comtiuns, attached to their editions, as specified above; prise the whole of our knowledge with regard to the
of Lubinus, 8vo. Rostoch. 1602, 4to. Hanov. 1603; personal history of this writer, who owes his repuof Farnabius, 12mo. 1612, very often reprinted; of tation to the first of the two following works:Prateus, the Delphin editor, 4to. Paris, 1684; of 1. Historiae Evangelicae Libri IV., published
Heninnius, 4to. Ultraj. 1685, 4to. Lugd. Bat. about A.D. 332, a life of Christ in hexameter
1695; and of Marshall, 8vo. Lond. 1723. The verse, compiled from the four evangelists. The
brief remarks of Coelius Curio, which were first ap- narrative of St. Matthew is taken as the groundpended to the edition of Colinaeus, 8vo. Paris, work, the additional facts supplied by the three
1528, and afterwards in a much enlarged and im- others are interwoven in their proper places, the
proved shape to that of Frobenius, fol. Basil, 1551, whole thug forming a complete harmony of the
possess much merit. The old scholia were first Gospels. The liberal praises bestowed upon Juprinted in a complete form in the edition of Pithoeus, vencus by divines and scholars, from St. Jerome
8vo. Paris, 1585. The whole of the above have down to Petrarch, must be understood to belong
been repeatedly reprinted both entire and in selec- rather to the substance of the piece than to the
tions. form under which the materials are presented. We
The student who provides himself with the edi- may honour the pious motive which prompted the
tions of Heninnius, 4to. Lugd. Bat. 1695; of undertaking, and we may bestow the same comAchaintre, of Ruperti, and of Heinrich, will possess mendation upon the laborious ingenuity with which
every thing he can require. The commentary of every particular recorded by the sacred historians,
Heinrich, written in German, is the best that has and frequently their very words, are forced into
yet appeared. numbers; but the very plan of the composition
The earliest English versions are those of Barten excludes all play of fancy and all poetical freedom of
Holyday (best ed. fol. Oxford, 1673), and of Sir expression, while the versification, although fluent
Robert Stapylton (best ed. fol. London, 1660), and generally harmonious, too often bids defiance
both of which enjoyed considerable popularity to the laws of prosody, and the language, although
during the seventeenth century. Although the evidently in many places copied from the purest
lines in Holyday are ludicrously quaint and rugged, models, betrays here and there evident indications
the meaning of the original is for the most part re- of corruption and decay. The idea that this propresented with great fidelity, and the commentary duction might be employed with advantage in the
attached may still be consulted with advantage. interpretation of the Scriptures, inasmuch as it
Dryden has rendered the first, third, sixth, tenth may be supposed to exhibit faithfully the meaning
and sixteenth satires, in language full of genius and attached to various obscure passages in the early
spirit, but always paraphrastic, and often inaccurate. age to which it belongs, will not, upon examinaThe most faithful and scholarlike translation which tion, be found to merit much attention.
has yet appeared is that of Gifford, 4to. Lond.,1802; 2. Liber in Genesim, in 1541 hexameters,
and much praise is due to that of Badham, at least divided into as many chapters as the original; an
to the second edition, published in Valpy's Family attempt, it would appear, to render the study of
Classical Library. the Old Testament more generally popular by
All the ancient documents regarding the life of clothing it in a metrical dress, the plan and exeJuvenal will be found collected and arranged in the cution being in every respect similar to the Historia
edition of Ruperti, and the various inferences de- Evangelica. For a long period the first four secduced from them have been fully discussed by tions alone were known to exist, and were vaFranke in his two dissertations, the first published riously ascribed by different critics to Tertullian,
*at Altona and Leipzig, 8vo. 1820; the second at Cyprian, or Salvianus of Marseilles; but the
-Dorpat, fol. 1827; by C. Hermann, in his Dispu- entire book, together with the real author, were
tratio de Juvenalis Satirae Septimae Temnporibus, 4to. made known in the beginning of the eighteenth
Gott. 1843; by Pinzger, in Jahn's Jahrbiicherfr century, from a MS. of the eleventh century, and
Philologie, vol. xiv. p. 261; and by Diintzer, in the published by Durand. (See below.)
sixth supplemental volume to the same work, 3. St. Jerome and other ecclesiastical biographers
p. 373. [W. R.] mention some hexameters upon the sacraments, but
JUVENA'LIS, ST., a physician at Carthage in of these no trace remains.
the 4thcentury after Christ, who was also in priest's The Editio Princeps of the Histoari Evangelica
orders. He afterwards left Africa, and went to was printed at Deventer in Holland,' 4t. 1490; it
hRome, where he was consecrated bishop of Narnia is included in the Poetarum veterlm Eccles. Opera