A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

'JUSTUS. JU VENALIS. 6P7
was Justin,. desirous of recalling Peter from his imperial constitutions. Of his Constzitltionuns Li-b,
errors, addressed letters to him. The letter of XX. there are 16 fragmentstin the Digest, not
Peter, in the original Greek, with a Latin version, extending beyond the 8th book. The constitutions
Epistola Justini Episcopi in Sicilia, ad Petrumz Ful- cited are all rescripts of the Antonines, either Marcus
lonem s. Cnapheum, is given in the Concilia (vol. alone (Dig. 2. tit. 14. s. 60) or Marcus and Verus
iv. col. 1103, &c., ed. Labbe; vol. ii. col. 839, ed. jointly. Of the collector nothing more is known,
Hardouin; vol. vii. col. 1115, ed. Mansi.) The but his date is inferred from the circumstance that
genuineness of this letter, and of six others of the Antonines are named in the extracts taken from
similar character, from various Eastern or Western. his work without the epithet Divus. (Aug. C.
bishops; which are also given in the Concilia, is dis- Stockmann [Car. Aug. Hennike], Papirii Justi,
puted by Valesius (Observat. Eccles. ad Evagrintm Icti Romani, fragmenta observatiunculis illustrate,
Libri duo, Lib. I. De Petro Antiochen. Episcop. 4to, Lips. 1792; Petr. Elisa Piepers, de Papirio
c. 4); but defended by Cave (Hist. Litt. vol. i. Justo, Icto, 4to. Lug. Bat. 1824.) [J. T. G.]
p. 458), who, however, contends that the Greek JUTURNA, the nymph of a well in Latium,
text is not the original, but a version from the famous for its excellent healing qualities. Its
Latin. Pagi (Critice in Baronii Annales, ad ann. water was used in nearly all sacrifices (Serv. ad
485, c. 15) proposes to correct the reading of the Aen. xii. 139; Varr. de L. L. v. 71), and a
title of Justin's, letter from "' Episcopi in Sicilia," chapel was dedicated to its nymph at Rome in the
to " Episcopi in Cilicia;" others would read the Campus Martius by Lutatius Catulus; sacrifices
name "Justinianus," but on what authority we do were offered to her on the 11th of January both
not know. Dodwell and others ascribe to this by the state and private persons. (Ov. Past. i.
Justin the Responsiones ad Orthodoxos, and the 463; Serv. I. e.) A pond in the forum, between
Expositio Rectae Confessionis, reputed to be by the temples of Castor and Vesta, was called Lacus
Justin Martyr, and printed with his works. [No. Juturnae, whence we must infer that the name of
i.] (Cave, l. c.; Mongitor. Biblioth. Sicula, vol. the nymph Juturna is not connected with jugis,
i. p. 417, &c.; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. vii. p. 53; but probably withjuvare. She is said to have been
vol. xi. p. 661; vol. xii. p. 655.) [J. C. M.] beloved by Jupiter, who rewarded her with immorJUSTI'NUS, HESY'CHIUS. [HuESYCHIUS, tality and the rule over the waters. (Virg. Aen.
No. 5.] xii. 140, 878; Ov. Fast. ii. 585, 606.) Arnobius
JUSTI'NUS, JU'LIUS, the name of one of (iii. 29) calls her the wife of Janus and mother of
the lexicographers prefixed to the work of Suidas, Fontus, but in the Aeneid she appears as the
but instead of which we ought to read Julius Ves- affectionate sister of Turnus. (Hartung, Die Relig.
tinus. [VESTINUS.] der Roms. vol. ii. p. 101, &c.) [L. S.]
JUSTUS ('Io0aros), a Jewish historian of Ti- JUVENA'LIS, DE'CIMUS JU'NIUS. The
berias in Galilaea, was' a contemporary of the small amount of direct information which we posJewish historian Josephus, who was very hostile sess with regard to the personal history of Juvenal
to him. Justus wrote, according to Photius (Bibl. is derived almost exclusively from a very meagre
cod. 33), a chronicle of the Jewish kings, from the memoir, which bears the name of Suetonius, but
time of Moses down to the death of Herod, in the which is by most critics ascribed, with greater prothird year of the reign of Trajan. The style of bability, to Valerius Probus, or some later gramthe work, which is lost, is said by Photius to have marian. We are here told that the poet was either
been concise, and the author omitted many of the son or the "alumnus" of a rich freedman; that
the most important events, such as the history of he occupied himself, until he had nearly reached the
Christ, which it was a common practice with Jewish term of middle life, in declaiming, more, however,
writers to pass over unnoticed. Justus is further for the sake of amusement than with any view to
charged with having falsified the history of the wars professional exertion; that, having subsequently
with Rome, which-led to the destruction of Jeru- composed some clever lines upon Paris the pantosalem. (Comp. Joseph. Vit. ~~ 37, 65, 74, who mime, he was induced to cultivate assiduously
gives a long account of him, and censures him very satirical composition; that for a considerable period
severely.) He edited his work after the death of he did not venture to publish his essays; but that
Agrippa and the other, great men of the time, having eventually attracted numerous audiences,
because, as Josephus says, he knew that his and gained great applause, he inserted in oneof his
accounts were false, and had reason to fear the con- new pieces the verses which had formed a portion
sequences. Some writers (Euseb. H. E. iii. 9; of his first effort, those, namely, which we now
Steph. Byz. s. v. TLfeptas) speak of a work of read *in Sat. vii. 86-91, where, speaking of the
his on the Jewish war, but this may refer only to popularity of Statius, he adds:
the last portion of his chronicle, which Diogenesuum fregit subsellia versu
Laertius (ii. 4]) calls a 1'/y-la. Suidas (S v sedquumfregitsubsella.ersu
Laertius (ii. * 41) calls a rLsIs. Suidass (s. V. *Esurit, intactam Paridi nisi vendat Agaven.
-IoVeros) mentions some other works of Justus, ofnorem
which however not a trace has come down to
Semestri vatun digitds circumligat auro.
Jus. [A-TO'NIUS.L. S.] Quod non dant proceres, dabit histrio; tu CaJUSTUS CATO'NIUS. [CATONIUS.] merinos
JUSTUS, FA'BIUS, a friend of Tacitus, who Et Bareas, tu nobilium mana atria curas
addresses him in the beginning of his treatise De
Oratoribus. He was also connected by friendship That the actor (or an actor) being at that time in
with the younger Pliny, who mentions him in his high favour at court, and enjoying extensive influletters (Epist. i. 11, vii. 2), and we have every ence, Juvenal became an object of suspicion, as one
reason for believing that he was a distinguished who had indirectly (figurate) censured the corrupt
rhetorician of the time. [L. S.] practices of the day; and although now an old nlan
JUSTUS, PAPI'RIUS, a Roman jurist, who of eighty, was forthwith, under the semblance of
lived in the time of the Antonines, and collected honourable distinction, appointed to the command