A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

682 JUSTINUS. JUSTINUS.
To discover the sources from which a lo'st writer The fragments spoken of at the beginning of this
derived his materials would seem to be a hopeless article will be found in Plin. H. N vii. 3, x. 33,
quest, when it is certain that most of these sources xi. 39, 52, xvii. 10, xxxi. sub fin.; Vopisc. Acurehave themselves disappeared. For not only did lian. 2, Prob. 2; Hieron. Prooem. in Daniel, ConzTrogus enter upon large departments of historical ment. in Daniel. c. 5; Augustin, de Civ. Dei, iv.
research, where we can compare him with no au- 6; Oros. i. 8, 10, iv. 6, vii. 27, 34; Isidor. de
thority now extant; but even when he trod the N. R. 6; Priscian, v. 3. ~ 12, vii. 11. ~ 63; Vet.
ground previously travelled over by Herodotus, Interp. ad Virg. Aen. iii. 108, iv. 37; Jornandes,
Thucydides, Xenophon, and Polybius, we clearly de R. G. 6, 10. Every thing that is known or
perceive that far from confining himself to their can be conjectured with regard to Trogus, Justin,
statements, he frequently adopted accounts com- and their works, is contained in the " Commenpletely at variance with those which they followed. tationes de Trogi Pompeii eiusque epitomatoris
It is certain, however, that his guides were ex- Justini fontibus et auctorilate," by Heeren, printed
elusively Greek, and we have every reason to be- originally in the 15th volume of the Gottingen
lieve that to no one did he owe more than to Transactions, and prefixed to the edition of FrotTheopompus, from whom he borrowed not only the scher. [W. R.]
title, but much of the general plan and execution Of JUSTI'NUS ('Iovo'rTvos), ecclesiastical. 1.
his work. He was also, we may conjecture, largely Surnamed the MARTYR (d Md'pm.vs), or the PHIindebted to Ephorus, Timaeus, and Posidonius; LOSOPHER (d IhA~ompos), one of the earliest of the
]but our limits forbid us to enter upon an inquiry Christian writers, was a native of Flavia Neapolis,
which has been prosecuted with great learning by or the New City of Flavia (Justin. Apolog. P-rima,
Heeren in the essay quoted below. c. 1), which arose out of the ruins, and in the imWe must not omit to remark that the quotations mediate vicinity of the ancient town, called Shefrom Trogus found in Pliny appear to be all taken chem in the Old Testament and Sychar in the
from a treatise De Animalibis mentioned by New. The year of his birth is not known: DodCharisius (p. 79. ed. Putsch.), and not from his well, Grabe (Spicileg. SS. Patrum, saec. ii. p. 147),
histories. and the Bollandists (Acta Sanctorum, April. vol. ii.
The Editio Princeps of Justin was printed at p. 110, note c), conjecture from a passage of EpiVenice by Jenson, 4to. 1470, and another very phanius (Adv. Ilaeres. xlvi. 1), which, as it now
early impression which appeared at Rome without stands, is clearly erroneous, that he was born about
date or name of printer is ascribed by bibliogra- A. D. 89; but this conjecture (which is adopted by
phers to the same or the following year. The first Fabricius) is very uncertain, though sufficiently in
critical edition was that of Marcus Antonius Sabel- accordance with the known facts of his history.
licus, published along with Florus at Venice, fol. Tillemont and Ceillier place the birth of Justin in
1490, and again in 1497 and 1507: it was super- A. D. 103, Maran in. D. 114, Halloix in A. D. 118.
seded by that of Aldus, 8vo. Venet. 1522; the He was the son of Priscus Bacchius, or rather of
volume containing also Cornelius Nepos; and this Priscus, the son of Bacchius, and was brought
in turn gave way to that of Bongarsius, 8vo. Paris, up as a heathen; for though he calls himself a
1581, in which the text was revised with great Samaritan (Apolog. Secunda, c. 15, Dialog. cuam
care, and illustrated by useful commentaries; but Tryphone, c. 120), he appears to mean no more
conjectural emendations were too freely admitted. than that he was born in the country of Samaria,
Superior in accuracy to any of the preceding is the not that he held that Semi-Judaism which was so
larger edition of Graevius, 8vo. Lug. Bat. 1683; prevalent among his countrymen. (Comp. Apolog.
that of Hearne, 8vo. Oxon. 1705; and above all, Prima, c. 53, sub med.) He devoted himself to
those of Gronovius, Lug. Bat. 1719 and 1760, be- philosophy, and for a considerable time studied the
longing to the series of Variorum Classics, in 8vo. system of the Stoics, under a teacher of that sect;
The last of these is in a great measure followed by but not obtaining that knowledge of the Deity
Frotscher, 3 vols. 8vo. Lips. 1827, whose labours which he desired, and finding that his teacher unexhibit this author under his best form. dervalued such knowledge, he transferred himself
Numerous translations have from time to time to a Peripatetic, who plumed himself on his acuteappeared in all the principal languages of Europe. ness, whom, however, he soon left, being disgusted
The earliest English version is that executed by at his avarice, and therefore judging him not to be
Arthur Goldinge, printed at London in 4to, by a philosopher at all. Still thirsting after phiTho. Marshe, 1564, and again in 1570, with the losophical acquirements, he next resorted to a Pyfollowing title, "Thabridge MENTE of the Histo- thagorean teacher of considerable reputation, but
ries of Trogus Pompeius, gathered and written in was rejected by him, as not having the requisite
the Laten tung, by the famous historiographdr preliminary acquaintance with the sciences of muJustine, and translated into English by Arthzar sic, geometry, and astronomy. Though at first
Goldinge: a worke containing brefly great plentye disheartened and mortified by his repulse, he deof moste delectable Historyes and notable exam- termined to try the Platonists, and attended the
ples, worthy not only to be read, but also to bee instructions of an eminent teacher of his native
embraced and followed of al men. Newlie con- town, under whom he became a proficient in the
ferred with the Latin copye, and corrected by the Platonic system. His mind was much puffed up
Translator. Anno Domini 1570. Imprinted at by the study of incorporeal existences, and espeLondon by Th. Marshe." We have also transla- cially by the Platonic doctrine of ideas, so that he
tions by Codrington, 12mo. Loend. 1654; by soon conceived he had become wise; and so greatly
Thomas Brown, 12mo. Loend. 1712; by Nicolas were his expectations raised, that, says he," I foolBayley, 8vo. Loend. 1732; by John Clarke, 8vo. ishly hoped that I should soon behold the Deity."
Lond. 1732; and by Turnbull, 12mo. Loend. Under the influence of these notions he sought op1] 746; most of which have passed through several portunities for solitary meditation; and one day,
editions. going to a lone place near the sea, he met with an