A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

678 JUSTINUS. JUSTINUS
viously been adopted by a member of that illustrious A Anazarba, and Pompeiopolis were laid in ruins, and
family. Amantius, indignant at being cheated by in Europe'Corinth and Dyrrachium met with a
a rustic, gave vent to his feelings, and perhaps similar fate. But the destruction of Antioch at
conspired with Theodatus. They were accordingly the same time by fire and water offered a still more
accused of treason, and, what was still worse, of heart-rending sight. When Justin heard of its
heresy, and they paid for their imprudence with awful fate, he ordered the theatres to be closed,
their heads. Several of their associates shared their took off his royal diadem, and dressed himself in
fate. In 519 Justin, who was a stanch adherent mourning. He spent two million pounds sterling
of the orthodox church, and had adopted energetic towards the rebuilding of Antioch, which was done
measures against the Eutychians, concluded an ar- with the utmost splendour,'and he evinced a prorangement with pope Hormisdas, in consequence of portionate liberality towards the other sufferers.
which the harmony between Rome and Constan- On the whole, Justin, though a barbarian and a
tinople remained undisturbed during a considerable fanatic, was a man of good sense, a sincere welltime, to the great satisfaction of the East. In the wisher of his subjects, and successful in choosing
following year, 520, Justin adopted his nephew capable persons to govern them; his knowledge
Justinian, whom he had withdrawn in early youth of the human character was remarkably sound.
from their native village, and the government was He died on the 1st of August, 527, shortly after
henceforth in the hands of Justinian. The eleva- having conferred the dignity of Augustus upon his
tion of Justinian was signalized by an event which nephew and successor, the great Justinian. He was
occasioned great discontent and disorders in the buried in the church of Euphemia near his wife
empire. The Goth Vitalian, so famous by his war Euphemia, a woman as illiterate and rude as her
against Anastasius, and who held the offices of con- husband, but who never interfered with public
sul and magister militum, under Justin, became affairs, and who caused that church to be built at
an object of suspicion and jealousy to the emperor her expense. (Evagr. iv. 1 —10, 56; Procop.
and his crafty nephew, and on rising from a banquet Vandal. i. 9; De Aed. ii. 6, 7, iii. 7, iv. 1;
to which he had been invited, was treacherously Arcan. c. 6, 9; Pers. i. 19. ii. 15, &c.; Theoph.
assassinated by the order and in presence of Justin p. 141, &c.; Zonar. vol. ii. p. 58, &c.; Cedren.
and Justinian. Vitalian was beloved bythe faction of p. 363 in the Paris edit.; Jornand. De Regn. Suec.
the Green, who immediately took up arms, and as p. 62, ed. Lindenbrog.) [W. P.]
they were opposed by the Blue, who enjoyed the JUSTI'NUS II., the younger, emperor of the
favour of the emperor, great troubles arose, which East, from A. D. 565-578, and nephew of the great
lasted during three years, without Justin's becoming Justinian. (See the genealogical table prefixed to
well acquainted with the extent of danger. When the life of Justinian I.) His reign is signalized by
he was at last apprised of it, he appointed one important and extraordinary events. Justin had inTheodotus prefect of the capital, who succeeded finitely less merit than his cousins Justinus and Jusin restoring peace. In 522 some misunderstand- tinian, the sons of Germanus, who had distinguished
ing arose between Justin and Theodoric, king themselves in the field against the Persians, and
of the East Goths in Italy, who was offended were universally beloved for the frankness of their
with Justin because he continued to appoint consuls, character; but he was of a crafty disposition, and
a dignity which, in the opinion of Theodoric, could while his cousins exposed their lives in the defence
only be conferred by the master of Rome; but of the empire, he prudently remained at ConstanJustin prudently renounced the privilege, leaving tinople and courted the aged Justinian. In order
its exercise entirely to the Gothic king, who accord- to insinuate himself the better into his uncle's
ingly appointed Symmachus and the famous Boe- favour, he married Sophia, the niece of the empress
thins consuls for the year 522. In the same year Theodora, a beautiful and clever woman, but ammisunderstandings arose between Justin and the bitious, imperious and revengeful. In the night
Persian king Cabades, on account of the kingdom that Justinian died (13th of November, 565),
of Colchis or Lazica. Cabades proposed to the Justin had retired to his apartments, and was fast
emperor, as a guarantee for their mutual friendship, asleep, when he was suddenly awakened by a loud
to adopt his favourite son Nushirwan or Chosroes, knocking against his door: it was a deputation of
who afterwards reigned over Persia with so much the senate, composed of some of its members who
glory, and Justin would have complied with the had witnessed the emperor's death, and now came
king's wishes, but for the interference of the wise to congratulate Justin, whom, according to their
quaestor Proclus, on whose advice the emperor report, the dying monarch had appointed his sucdeclined the proposition. Annoyed by the failure cessor. Whether this was true or not, no time was
of his plan, Cabades prepared for war, the outbreak lost by Justin and his friends. He went immeof which was hastened by Gurgenus, king of Iberia, diately to the senate, who were already waiting
throwing himself upon the protection -of the em- for him, and after a document had been read to
peror. The Persians having invaded Iberia, Justin him, which purported to be the will of Justinian,
dispatched Sittas and Belisarius against them, and he was forthwith proclaimedemperor. Early in the
this is the first time that the name of Belisarius following morning he repaired to the hippodrome,
becomes known in history. He was, however, not which was filled by an immense and anxious crowd.
successful in this campaign, but was, neverthe- and after having delivered divers fine speeches,
less, appointed governor of the great fortress of which met with boisterous acclamation, he issued a
Dara, on the confines of Mesopotamia and Syria,. general pardon for all offenders, and, in order to
and the historian Procopius was appointed his convince the people the more completely of his virsecretary. The war was carried on for some years tuous and generous sentiments, summoned the
without leading to important results on either side. numerous creditors of Justinian to come forth with
In 525 a terrible earthquake and the overflowing their claims. They obeyed eagerly, and their asof several rivers carried destruction through some tonishment was still greater when a file of porters
of the finest cities of the empire. In the East Edessa,, made their appearance, each, sighing under the