A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

662 JUSTINIANUS.'JUSTrNIANUS.
who exercised an extraordinary influence over with friends, and not with enemies. At 10 miles
him. Being present at the privy colmcil, where distance from Carthage the Romans encountered
the emperor declared his resolution of leaving the the main army of the Vandals, who were routed,
city, she rose, and with impressive words,-sometimes and so completely dispersed, that Gelimer despaired
reproaching and sometimes encouraging, produced of defending his capital with success, and fled into
a happy change in the minds of Justinian and his the interior, in order to collect a new army. A
councillors. Narses bribed the chiefs of the Blue, few days afterwards, on the 15th of September,
and soon rekindled those hostilities between- the 533, the inhabitants of Carthage opened their gates
two factions which only an extraordinary event to the victor, not only without resistance, but with
had appeased for a moment; and, sure of the as- manifestations of joy. While Belisarius employed
sistance of the Blue, Belisarius led a body of 3000 his time in repairing the fortifications of Carthage,
veterans against the hippodrome, where the Green Gelimer succeeded in raising a considerable number
had fortified themselves. In a dreadful carnage of troops, and his brother Zano, who had mean30,000 of the Green were massacred within the while conquered Sardinia, returned in haste with
space of one day; and Hypatius and Pompeius his army, which, however, was only 5000 men
having been made prisoners, were led to death, strong, and joined Gelimer in his camp at Balla,
with eighteen other leaders of patrician or con- five days' journey from the capital. They marched
sular rank. Thus ended one' of the most terrible upon Carthage, and their forces increased daily; so
riots that had ever happened at:Constantinople; that when they arrived at Tricameron, 20 miles
but the power of the Green was far from being from Carthage, they commanded an army ten times
broken, and the two factions continued to make more numerous than that of Belisarius. But'the
the hippodrome an occasional scene' of bloodshed Vandals who defended Africa were no longer the
during the whole reign of Justinian. same who had conquered it:,they were enervated
Immediately after these troubles Justinian made by the climate and the luxuries of the South; and
serious preparations for a war against the Vandals. in a pitched battle at Tricameron they were enHis pretext was to avenge'the deposition of the tirely defeated. Gelimer fled into the mountains
aged Hilderic, the lawful king of the Vandals, in the South, but was pursued by:the Roman
and a great favourite of Justinian, on account of Pharas, who kept him besieged in a castle on
hlis- orthodoxy, who had been deprived of his throne Mount Papua, where he was reduced to such exby the warrior Gelimer; but his design upon Car- tremity that he at last surrendered, and after
thage was blamed by the people, who had in mind having ~been presented to Belisarius at Carthage,
the unhappy campaign of Basiliscus against the Van- was sent to Constantinople, where he was treated
dals in A. D. 468, and still'more so by most of his by Justinian with great generosity. [GELIMER.]
ministers, especially John of Cappadocia, who, After the conquest of Carthage, Belisarius reduced
however, -acted from very selfish motives. [Jo- the whole tract of Africa along the shore of the
ANNES of CAPPADOCIA.] Nor does it appear that Mediterranean, as far as the columns of Hercules,
Justinian originated the plan, which seems to have and brought likewise the islands of Sardinia and
been suggested to him by Theodora and Antonina, Corsica, as well as the Baleares, under the authority
the wife of Belisarius, and to which he was finally of Justinian.
persuaded by this great general. This was the The overthrow of the Vandal kingdom in Africa
last contest between Rome and Carthage, but:on was followed by a war with the East Goths in Italy,
neither side was it-carried on by Romans or Car- which arose out of the following circumstances, in
thaginians, those who boasted of the former name which the cunning and artfulness of Justinian were
being Greeks and Scythian or Gothic barbarians, no less conspicuous than the frank heroism of Belisawhile the defenders'of Carthage were a.mixture rius. Shortly after the accession of Justinian, the
of Germans and Slavonians, commanded: by'Ger- young king of the East Goths, Athalaric, died, and his
manic chiefs. An army of 35,000 soldiers,:com- mother Amalasuntha, a highly gifted woman, who
manded by Belisarius, left the Bosporus in June, was the youngest daughter: of the great Theodoric,
533, in a'fleet of 500 ships, manned by 20,000 succeeded her son, and, in order to establish her
mariners, and among the troops were-several thou- power the better, married her cousin Theodat. It
sand archers with coats of mail, who:fought on happened, however, that Justinian contemplated a
horseback, and of which Procopius gives a descrip- marriage with that queen, although he was already
tion'which strongly resembles that of the brave married to Theodora; and we cannot doubt that,
Caucasians in our time. From the Bosporus the in order to obtain his ends, he would have sacrifleet made for Methone (Modon), in Messenia, ficed both his wife and king Theodat. Suspecting
where the troops were landed, and remained a short his designs, Theodora secretly negotiated with'time on:the shore to refresh themselves; thence Theodat, and made him great promises, if he would
they' sailed round the Peloponnesus, reached Zante, put Amalasuntha to death. Theodat saw his
and cast anchor at Caucana, about 50' miles from danger, and lost no time in.seizing his unfortunate
Syracuse,'where they were well treated by the queen, and confining her in a castle, where she was
Goths-a great act of imprudence on their part- found strangled some time after her imprisonment
and they finally landed on the African shore, near (534). The anger of Justinian was extreme; and as
the promontory of Caput Vada, now Capaudia, at the Gothic kingdom was shaken by political factions,
five days' journey south of Carthage. Gelimer, while his own power had much increased through
having dispatched part of his army and fleet for'his conquest of Africa,he prepared for an invasion of
the conquest of Sardinia, was unable to offer any Italy. The pretext he alleged was to avenge the mureffective resistance: -moreover, the aborigines;of the der of Amalasuntha. He began his hostile demoncountry, and the descendants of, the'former Roman strations by demanding the fortress of Lilybaeum,
settlers, received the Romans as Catholic brethren, in Sicily, from the Goths: this town had been
and Belisarius advanced as far as the palace of given to Thrasimond, king of the Vandals, by
Grasse, only 50 -miles from Carthage, meeting only Theodoric the Great, but after the overthrow of