A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

660 JUPITER. JUSTINIANTJS.
ides of every month by his flamen, while a female bodies into which the Roman people was divided,
lamb and a pig were offered to Juno on the ka- such as the gentes and curiae, were under the
lends of every month by the wife of the rex sacro- especial protection of the king and queen of the
rum. (Macrob. Sat. i. 15; Ov. Fast. i. 587; Fest. gods; and so was the whole body of the Roman
s. v. Idulis Ovis.) Another sacrifice, consisting of people, that is, the Roman state itself. The fact
a ram, was offered to Jupiter in the regia on the of Jupiter being further considered as the watchful
nundines, that is, at the beginning of every week guardian of property, is implied in his surname of
(Macrob. Sat. i. 16; Festus. s. v. nundinas); and Hercius (from the ancient kerctum, property), and
it may be remarked in general that the first day from his being expressly called by Dionysius (ii.
of every period of time both at Rome and in La- 74), 5pios Ze6s, i.e. Jupiter Terminus, or the protium was sacred to Jupiter, and marked by festi- tector of boundaries, not only of private property,
yals, sacrifices, or libations. but of the state.
It seems to be only a necessary consequence of As Jupiter was the prince of light, the white
what has been already said, that Jupiter was con- colour was sacred to him, white animals were sasidered as the guardian of law, and as the pro- crificed to him, his chariot was believed to be
tector of justice and virtue: he maintained the drawn by four white horses, his priests wore
sanctity of an oath, and presided over all trans- white caps, and the consuls were attired in white
actions which were based upon faithfulness and when they offered sacrifices in the capitol the day
justice. Hence Fides was his companion on the they entered on their office. (Festus, s.v. albogacapitol, along with Victoria; and hence a traitor lerurm pileum.) When the Romans became acto his country, and persons guilty of perjury, were quainted with the religion of the Greeks, they
thrown down the Tarpeian rock. Faithfulness is naturally identified Jupiter with Zeus, and aftermanifested in the internal relations of the state, as wards with the Egyptian Ammon, and in their
well as in its connections with foreign powers, and representations of the god they likewise adopted
in both respects Jupiter was regarded as its pro- the type of the Greek Zeus. [ZEUS; comp. Hartector. Hence Jupiter and Juno were the guar- tung, Die Relig. der Rmnz. vol. ii. p. 8, &c.) [L. S.]
dians of the bond of marriage; and when the har- JUSTI'NA. [VALENTINIANUS.]
mony between husband and wife was disturbed, JUSTINIA'NUS, I. FLA'VIUS ANI'CIUS,
it was restored by Juno, surnamed Conciliatrix or surnamed MAGNUS, or THE GREAT, emperor of
Viriplaca, who had a sanctuary on the Palatine. CONSTANTINOPLE and ROME from A. D. 527 to
(Fest. s. v. Conciliatr'i; Val. Max. ii. 1. ~ 6.) 565. His descent and family connections are given
Not only the family, however, but all the political in the following genealogical table:A Gothic farmer or shepherd.
JUSTINUS I., FLAVIus ANICIUVS BIGLENZA, Latinised
born A. D. 450; emperor in VIoGILANTIA; m.
518; died in 527 without' Istocus, Latinised
issue. Sabatius.
I I I
JUSTINIANUS, FLAVIUS ANICIUS, VIGILANTIA, A son.
born probably in 483 (see the m. Dulcistext below); adopted by the simus.
emperor Justinus I. in 520;
emperor- 527; died 14th of
November, 565; m. Theodora, 1. BARAIDES. 2. JUSTUS. 3. GERMANUS, Patricius,
who died in 548, and by whom a great general, died 541;
he left no issue. Some illegi- m. 1. Pessara; 2. Matimate children are mentioned. thasuenta, daughter of
Eutharic, king of the East
l l Goths, and the celebrated
1. JUSTINUS II., FLAVIUS 2. BIDURIUS, queen Amalasuntha.
ANICIUS, surnamed BADUARIUS, I
THRAX, emperor 565; or BAUDURIUS,
died 5th of October, Curopalata?, m. -1. JUSTINUS, 3. JUSTINA, 4. GERMANUS,
578; m. Sophia, niece Arabia?. consul, put m. Joannes, Posthurmus.
of the empress Theo- to death by nephew of
dora. -3. MARCELLUS. Justin II., Vitalianus.
[ in 568, or
-4. PRAEJECTA, m. 57-2.
TJUSTUS, ARABIA, m. 1. Areobindus,
died Baduarius, Patricius; 2. 2. JUSTINIANUS, a
young. Baredurius, Joannes, ne- great general
or Bidurius, phew of the in the reigns
Curopalata. emperor Anas- of Justin II.
tasius. and Tiberius.
(Du Cangeo, Famil. Byzant, p. 95, &c.)