A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

658 JUNIUS. JUNIO..passed over the emperor Tiberius. He did not', JU'NIUS CORDUS.' [CORDUS, AELIUS.]
however,. resent the slight, but allowed her funeral JU'NIUS GA'LLIO. [GALLIO.]
to be celebrated with all the usual honours: the JU'NIUS JUVENA'LIS.' [JUvENALIS.]
ancestral images of twenty illustrious houses were JU'NIUS MAU'RICUS. [MAuRIcus.]
carried before her bier; "but Cassius and Brutus," JU'NIUS MA'XIMUS. [MAXIMUS.].
says the historian, "shone before all the others, JU'NIUS MODERA'TUS COLUMELLA.
-from the fact that their statues were not seen." [COLUMELLA.]
(Suet. Caes. 50; Macrob. Sat. ii. 2; Cic. ad Atl. JU'NIUS OTHO. [OTHO.]'xiv. 20, xv. 11;. Tac. Ann. iii. 76.) JU'NIUS PHILARGY'RIUS. [PHILARJU'NIA CALVI'NA. [CALVINA.] GYRIUS.]
JU'NIA SILA'NA. [SILANA.] JU'NIUS RU'STICUS. [RvsTICUS.]
JU'NIA TORQUA'TA. [TORQUATA.]' JU'NIUS SATURNI'NUS. [SATURNINUS.]
JU'NIA GENS, one of the most celebrated of JUNO. The name of Juno is'probably of the:the Roman gentes, was in all probability originally same root as Jupiter, and differs from it only in its
patrician, as we can hardly conceive that the first termination. As Jupiter is the' king of heaven
consul, L. Junius' Brutus, connected as he was with and of the gods, so Juno' is the queen of heaven,;the family of the Tarquins, could have been a or the female Jupiter.'The Romans identified at
plebeian, although the latter hypothesis is main- an early time their'Juno with Hera, with whom
tained by Niebuhr. But however this may be, it she has indeed many'resemblances, but we shall
is certain that, with the exception of the first consul endeavour here to treat of the Roman Juno ex-;and his sons, all the other members of the gens were clusively, and to separate the Greek notions:plebeians. [B'RvTUS.] The family name.s and sur- [HERA] entertained by the Romans, from those
names which occur in the time of the republic are, which are of a purely Italian or Roman nature.
BRUTUS, BUBULCUS, GRACCHANUS, NORBANUS, Juno, as the queen of heaven, bore the surname'PACIAECUS, PENNUS, PERA, PULLUS, SILANUS: Of Regina, under which': she- was worshipped at'the few who are mentioned without any cognomen Rome from early times, and'at' a later period.are given below, under JUNIUS. Many Junii appear her worship was solemnly transferred- from Veii
-under the empire with other surnames than those to Rome, where a sanctuary was dedicated'to
mentioned above, but of course they cannot be re- her on the Aventine. (Liv. v. 21, 22, xxii. I,
garded as any part of the real Junia gens: of these xxvii. 37;. Varr. de L. L. v. 67.) She is rarely'ml alphabetical list is likewise given below. described as hurling the thunderbolt, and the main
J'U' NIUS, 1 U.Q. JNIS, one of the tribunes feature of her character is, that she was to the feof the plebs in B. c. 315, who endeavoured to excite male sex all that Jupiter was to the male, and that'the people against the murderers of Sp. Maelius.'she was regarded as the protectress' of every thing
(Liv. iv. 16.) connected with marriage. She was, however, not
2. D. JUNIUS was stationed with a force by the only the protecting genius of the female sex in'consul, Ap. Claudius, in the second Punic war, general, but accompanied every individual woman:B. c. 212, to command the mouth of the Vulturnus. through life, from the moment of her birth to the
(Liv. xxv. 22.-) end of her life. Hence she bore the special sur3. T. JUNIUS, L. F., a contemporary of Sulla, names of Jirqinalis and Matrozn, as well as the
possessed no mean oratorical powers, but was un- general ones of Opigena and Sospita (Ov. Fast. vi.,able to rise beyond the tribuneship of the plebs, on 33; Horat. Cearm. iii. 4, 59; Serv. ad Aenr. viii.
account of his always suffering from ill health. He 84; August. de Civ. Dei, iv. 11; Festus, p. 343,,accused and obtained the condemnation of P. ed. Muller), under which she was worshipped
Sextius, praetor designatus, for bribery at the both at Lanuvium and at Rome. (Liv. xxiv.
-elections. (Cic. Brut. 48.) 10j xxvii. 43, xxxii. 30; Ov. Fast. ii. -56; Cic.
4. M. JUNIUS, the previous defender of Cicero's de Div. i. 2.) On their birthday women offered'client, P. Quintius, but was absent on an embassy:sacrifices to Juno surnamed natalis, just as men'when Cicero spoke on behalf of Quintius, B. C. 81:. sacrificed to their genius natalis (Tibull.' iv. 6.'(Cic. pro Quint. 1.) 13. 15); but the general festival, which was
5. C. JUNIUS, presided as judex quaestionis in celebrated by all the women,. in honour of Juno,
the year of.Verres's praetorship, aB. c. 74, in the was called Matronalia (Dict. of Ant. s. v.), and'court which condemned Scamander, Fabricius, and took place on the I st of March. Her protection
Oppianicus, for having attempted to poison the of women, and especially her power of making
elder Cluentius. The opinion that this verdict was them fruitful, is further alluded to in the festival
gained by bribing the judices, and, among them, Populitugia (Diet. of Ant. s. v.) as well as in the
Junius, was so stiongly believed, an'd excited such surname of Februlis; Februata,Februta, or Febrltalis..universal indignation, that Junius, although he had (Fest. s. v. Februarius, p. 85, ed. Miiller; comp. Ov.
been aedile, and had a good prospect of obtaining'Fast. ii. 441.) Juno was further, like Saturn, the
the praetorship, was obliged to retire from public guardian of the finances, and under the name of
~life altogether, and the Judiciuns Junianum became Moneta she had a temple on the Capitoline hill,
a bye-word fora cdrruptand unrighteous judgment. which contained the mint. (Liv. vi. 20.) Some
(Cic. pro Cluent. 1, 20, 27, 29, 33, c. Verr. i. 10, Romans considered Juno Moneta as identical with
61; Pseudo-Ascon., in Verr. p. 141, ed Orelli.) Mvuporv'jvu, but this identification undoubtedly
This Junius had a son of the same name. (Pro arose from the desire of finding in the name Moneta
Cluent. 49.) a deeper meaning than it really contains. [MONE-.
6. M. JUNvus, the praetor before whom Cicero. TA.] The'most important period'in a woman's life
defended D. Matrinius. (:ic. pro Cluent. 45';, is that of her marriage, and, as we have already
Plin. H. N. xxxv. 10.) - - remarked, she was believed especially to preside
JU'NIUS BLAESUS. [BLAESUS.] over marriage.' Hence she was called Juga or
JUT'NUS CILO. [CILO.] Jugtcalis [JUGAI, and had a variety of otlier