A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

652 JULIANUS. JULIANUS.
5. The edition of Ant; Augustinus, 8vo. Ilerdae, and belonged to the sect of the Methodici, and was
1567, at the end of Augustini Constitutioncum Grae- said to have composed forty-eight books against the
caruan Codicis Collectio. This edition is reprinted, "Aphorisms" of Hippocrates (Adv. Julian. 1. c.).
with additions, in Augustini Opera, vol. ii. pp. 255 The second of these was directed against the second
-406, fol. Lucae, 1766. Aphorism of the first section, and is confuted in a
6. Imp. Justiniani Novellae Constitutiones, per short essay written by Galen with excessive and
Julianum, antecessorem Constantinopolitanum, de unjustifiable rudeness and asperity. None of his
Gr'aeco translatae. Ex Bibliotheca Petri Pithoei, writings (which were numerous) are still extant.
fol. Basil. 1576. From Galen's mentioning that it was more than
7. Petri et Francisci Pithoei Ictorumr Observati- twenty years since he had met Julianus at Alexones ad Codicem et Novellas Justiniani Imperatoris audria (De Methl. Med. p. 53), and that he was
per Julianun translatas, eura Francisci Desmares, then still alive, it will appear that Julianus was
fol. Paris, 1689. living as late as about the year 180 after
The last-mentioned editions, 6 and 7, are the Christ. (See Littrk's Hippocrates, vol. i. pp.
best known and the most complete. They contain 103, 114.) [W. A. G.]
two short works, called the Dictatunm pro Consili- JULIA'NUS, SA'LVIUS, an eminent Roman
ariis and the Collectio de Tutoribus. These had jurist, who flourished under Hadrian and the Anbeen previously printed in Pithou's first edition of tonines. Of his private history little is known, and
the Collatio Legun lIfiosaicarum et Romnanarum different opinions have been held as to the place of
(entitled Fragmcenta quaedam Papiniani, &c. 4to. his birth. Many of his biographers (as Rivallius,
Paris, 1573). In several manuscripts they are Val. Forsterus, Pancirolus' Rutilius, Bertrandus,
attributed to Julianus; but Biener, in his Historia Gulil. Grotius) make him a native of Milan (InsuAuthenticarum Codici Insertarum, 4to. Lips. 1807, ber Mediolanensis), while the majority of more
has adduced strong arguments to show that Juli- modern writers say that he was born at Hadrumeanus was not the author of them. Their Latinity tum, a Phoenician colony on the coast of Africa.
is far less pure than that of the Epitome. It is not These opposite opinions are both grounded on a
unlikely, however, that these works, as well as the passage of Spartianus (Did. Julian. c. 1), where
ancient scholia upon the Epitome of Julianus, were it is asserted that the paternal grandfather of
written in Grecian Italy during the lifetime of the emperor who ascended the throne after PerJustinian, who in the Dictatum is twice styled tinax came from Mediolanurn, and the maternal
princeps noster, and in the scholia (ed. Miraei, p. grandfather from Hadrumetum. It is well ascer177) imperator noster. (Savigny, Gesceiichte, &c., tained that Salvius Julianus the jurist was a mavol. ii. pp. 195-197; Biener, in Savigny's Zeit- ternal ancestor of the emperor Didius Julianus, and
schrift, vol. v. pp. 338-357.) it is probable that, according to the express tesA German translation of the Epitome, by D. timony of Spartianus (I. c.), the jurist was the
Justin Gobler, was published anonymously, fobl. great-grandfather (proavus) of the emperor, not, as
Frank. 1566. Politianus asserts (Epist. ad Jac. Modestumn), the
Zachariae (Anecdota, p. 202, &c.) endeavours to uncle, nor, as Paulus Diaconus (Hist. Misc. x. 20)
identify Julianus with the author of a much shorter would make him, the grandfather. Eutropius (viii.
Greek Epitome of the Novells, who is cited in the 9) hesitates. " Salvius Julianus," says he, " nepos
sources of Graeco-Roman law as Anonymus. Ano- vel, secundum Lampridium, pronepos Salvii Juliani,
nymus, like Julianus, seems to have been a pro- qui sub Hadriano perpetuum composuit edictum."
fessor at Constantinople. Anonymus cites the Zimmern (R. R. G. vol. i. ~ 91) agrees with
Novells of Justinian in an order which does not Paulus Diaconus. Many mistakes have been comvery considerably differ from that of Julianus. mitted, from the confusion of the jurist with others
Anonymus seems to have been skilled in Latin as of the same name and family. For example, Anwell as Greek, and was perhaps the author of an relius Victor, if his text be not interpolated (De
ancient Latin version of the Greek fragments of Caes. 19), confounds the jurist with the emperor,
Modestinus which occur in the Digest. Further, who, like his ancestor, was distinguished on account
there is strong reason to identify the anonymous of his legal acquirements. And this mistake of
with Enantiophanes; and Enantiophanes, like Aurelius Victor misled the celebrated Hugo GroJulianus, was adisciple of Stephanlus. [ENANTIO- tius (Florum Sparsio, p. 78, ed. Amst. 1643). It
PHANES.] When Italy, after the invasion of the is therefore historically important to establish corLombards in A. D. 568, was rent from the Roman rectly the genealogy of the family.
empire, Julianus may have turned to writing in This investigation was undertaken by Casaubon
Greek. Mortreueil (Histoire de Droit Byzantin, (ad Spartiani Did. Julian. 1, in Historiae A ugustae
vol. i. pp. 293-306), who agrees with Zachariae Scriptores), and was subsequently pursued, with
in these conjectures, thinks that Julianus was pro- the aid of two inscriptions, by Reinesius ( Var.
bably not an authorised expositor of the law, and Lect. iii. 2, p. 344; Gruter. Inse. p. xviii. 2, 10,
that none but jurists specially authorised could, p. 459), who was followed by Christ. ad. Ruperti
without a breach of rule, be cited by name. The (Animad. in Enchirid. Pornponii, p. 473, inserted
conjecture that Julianus and Anonymus were iden- in the useful collection of Uhlus, entitled Opuscula
tical is controverted by G. E. Heimbach, in Rich- ad Historiam Jturis pertinentia, p. 215). The
ter's Kritische Jahr-biich/er for 1839, p. 970. labours of former inquirers were reviewed by
(Winckler, Opuscula, vol. i. p. 418; Biener, Heineccius, whose elaborate researches have exGesc/eichte der Novellen, pp. 70-84.) [J. T. G.] plored every source of information concerning the
JULIA'NUS ('lovAlavds),a PHYSICIAN ofAlex- jurist Julianus. We subjoin tables of the geneandria, a contemporary of Galen, in the second cen- alogy of the family, so far as may be useful to
tury after Christ. (Gal. Adv. Juican. c. 1. vol. illustrate the relationships of persons with whom
xviii. pt. i. p. 248.) He was a pupil of Apollonius the jurist has been confounded. These tables are
of Cyprus (Gal. De Meth. Med. i. 7, vol. x. p. 54), constructed according to the view which, upc3s