A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

JULIANUS, JULIANUTS. 651
the inanuscripts and'printed editions consists of lianus, and its authenticity was for a time doubted
additions forming an appendix to the original col- by Irnerius, even after it had received the name of
lection. authlenticum, recognising its authenticity, and disThe order of the Epitome is very different from tinguishing it from the Epitome of Julianus. (Sathat of the 168 Novells in the ordinary modern vigny, Geschichte des RMm. Rechts im Mittelalter,
editions of the Corpus Juris. Of those 168 No- vol, ii. pp. 453-466, iv. p. 484.) The Authenveils, seven are constitutions of Justin II. and Ti- ticum, or Versio Vulgata, was now taught in the
berius, four are edicts of praefecti praetorio, and schools, while the Epitome or Novella, though perseveral are constitutions of Justinian subsequent to mitted to be read as a subsidiary source of inA. D. 556. Of the 168 Novells, Novells 114, 121, struction, so rapidly fell into disuse, that neither
138, 143, and 150, are abstracted in the appendix Fulgosius nor Caccialupi ever saw a copy of it. It
to the Epitome found in some manuscripts, and 19, is commonly believed that the Epitome of Julian
21, 33, 36, 37, 50, 116, 12'2, 132, 133, 135, 137, was re-discovered by the monk Ambrosius Traver139-149, 151-158, are altogether wanting in sarius, in A. D. 1433, in the library of Victorinus at
Julianus. Mantua. The main authority for this statement
Tables exhibiting the correspondence of the No- is Suarez, in his Notit. Basil. ~ 21; but there is
veils in the Corpus Juris with the corresponding reason to doubt the story, which is not confirmed
abstracts ill Julianus may be found in Biener, Ges- by an extant letter of Ambrosius (Ambrosii Trae.hichte der Novellen, pp. 538-9; Savigny's Zeit- versarii Cameldunensis Epistolae, vol. i. p. 419,
schft/i, vol. iv. p. 187; Bicking, Institutionen, pp. Florent. 1759), giving an account of the books
73-75. The first thirty-nine constitutions in the that he found in the library at Mantua. He menEpitome are arranged very irregularly, but the ar- tions a work Joannis Consulis de Variis Quaestirangement from const. 40 to const. 111 is chrono- onibus, but by this he can scarcely mean the Epilogical, and agrees pretty closely with that of the tome, for it seems to have been a Greek book. A
Novells in the Corpus Juris from Nov. 44 to Nov. very elaborate and valuable literary history of the
120. Epitome was drawn up by Haubold, and inserted
Julianus translated from the original Greek, and in the fourth volume of Savigny's Zeitschrif. As
he had before him the Latin text of those Novells an appendix to this paper, Professor Hilnel of
which were originally published in Latin. He Leipzig has given in the eighth volume of the
leaves out the inscriptions, verbose prooemia, and Zeitsclsrift an accurate enumeration of the known
epilogues, but gives the subscriptiones (containing existing manuscripts. Though the printed editions
the date at- the end). The substance of the enact- of the Epitome are numerous, they are scarce, and
ing part is given without much abridgment, and the the new edition which Hiinel is understood to be
Latin style of the author is tolerably clear and pure. preparing will be an acceptable boon to students of
It may seem strange that a professor living in a Roman law.
country where Greek was the vernacular language, -The following are the principal printed editions,
at a time when others were translating into Greek for the full titles of which the reader is referred to
the monuments of Roman legislation, should em- the above-mentioned paper of Haubold. Transcripts
ploy himself in composing a Latin Epitome of the of preceding editions of the Epitome have from
Greek Novells. It may be that his work was time to time been inserted in editions of the Vocomposed for the benefit of the Italians, who by the lumen-that is to say, the last volume into which
conquest of the Ostrogoths in A. D. 554 had been the Carpus Juris Civilis was formerly usually direduced under the dominion of J ustinian, or for vided, containing the Autlenticum or Versio Vulyatac
those western students who frequented the law of the Novells, the last three of the twelve books of
schools of Constantinople and Berytus. There are the Code, the Libri Feudorum, &c.
passages in the work (e. g., c. 15. c. 29-32) which 1. The first printed edition was published in
show that it was intended for those who were not 8vo., without name or year, at Lyons in 1512, at
Greeks. the end of a collection of the Laws of the LomnAmong the cultivators of Roman law in the bards. The editor was Nic. Boherius. The work,
school of Bologna, this Epitome was called Nbvella, which is imperfectly given, is divided into nine
Novellae, Liber Novellarym. It was probably collationes. This division, found in several manuknown early in the eleventh century, before the scripts, was probably made about the time of Irdiscovery by Irnerius of another ancient translation nerius, to correspond with the first nine books of
of the Novells, containing 134 constitutions in an the Code. The Authenticunm was similarly divided
unabridged form. The glossators were wholly un- into nine collationes.
acquainted with the original Greek Novells. The 2. The Epitome was next printed at the end of
Epitome was perhaps at first regarded as the au- the Aztlhenticunz, apud Sennetonios fratres, Lugd.
thentic work, containing the latest legislation of 1550. In this edition the Epitome, as in many
Justinian. Zachariae, indeed, states (Anecdota, p. manuscripts, is divided into two parts or books,
202, citing Pertz, Monumenta, vol. iii.), that Ju- and, through a misunderstanding of a manuscript
lianus is quoted as the author of it in the Capitula inscription, the authorship of the work is attributed
i:hglellheimensia as early as A. D. 826, and Julianus, to an anonymous citizen of Constance.
apostate! and monk, is named by Huguccio in the 3. An independent edition of the Epitome is intwelfth century (in an unpublished Summa Deere- serted in the very rare edition of the Volumen,
toruzm) as the author of the Novello; but the apud Ludovicum Pesnot, 8vo. Lugd. 1558.
greater number of the glossators, though they dili- 4. Next comes the edition of Lud. Miraeus (Le
gently studied the Epitome (Ritter, ad Heineceii Mire, whose name appears in the preface), fol.
Hist. Jur. Civ. vol. i. ~ 403), appear to have known Lugduni. 1561. In this edition Julianus is named;
nothing of Julianus. After the Latin translation as the author, "Imp. Justiiniai Constitutiones, interof 134 Novells was-found, it seems at first to have prete Juliano." There is a reprint, with a preface
shared the name of Novella with the work-of JTu- by Goltzius, 4to. Brugis, 1565.