A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

EVAGORAS: EVAGRIUS' t5S
Athenians in- the Cerameicus, by the side of that of this Evagoras. The latter had obtained from the
Conon. (Paus. i. 3. ~ 2; Isocr. Evag. p. 200, c.) Persian king a promise of his fatheris government
We have very imperfect information concerning in case he could effect its conquest; but the siege
the relation in which Evagoras stood to the king being protracted, Evagoras by some means incurred
of Persia in the early part of his reign; but it the displeasure of Artaxerxes, who became reconseems probable that he was regarded from the first ciled to Pnytagoras, and left him in the possession
with suspicion: the tyrants whom he had suc- of Salamis, while he appointed Evagoras to a
ceeded are particularly spoken of as friendly to government in the interior of Asia. Here, howPersia (Diod. xiv, 98), and we learn from Ctesias ever, he again gave dissatisfaction, and was accused
(ap. Phot. p. 44, b.) that his quarrels with one of of maladministration, in consequence of which he
the other petty states of Cyprus had already called fled to Cyprus, where he was seized and put to
for the interference of the great king before the death. (Diod. xvi. 42, 46.) The annexed coin
battle of Cnidus. The chronology of the succeed- belongs to this Evagoras.
ing events is also very obscure; but the most consistent view of the matter appears to be that
derived from Theopompus (ap. Phot. p. 120, a.),
that Artaxerxes had previously determined to make
war upon Evagoras, and had even commenced his
preparations, but was unable to engage with vigour
in the enterprise until -after the peace of AntalcidasC
(B. C. 387). (See Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. p. 280; and
comp. Isocr. Panegyr. p. 70, a.; Xen. Hell. iv. 8. ~ 3. Of Lacedaemon, remarkable for having gained
24, v. 1. ~ 10.) Meantime Evagoras had not only three victories in the chariot-race at the Olympic
extended his dominion over the greater part of games with the same horses, in consequence of
Cyprus, but had ravaged the coast of Phoenicia which he erected the statue of a quadriga at
with his fleet, prevailed on the Cilicians to revolt Olympia, and honoured his horses with a magnifrom Persia, and even (if we may believe Isocrates ficent funeral. (Herod. vi. 103; Aelian, Hist.
and Diodorus) made himself master of Tyre' itself. Anim. xii. 40; Paus. vi. 10. ~ 8.)
(Diod. xiv. 98, 110, xv. 2; Isocrat. Evag. p. 201.) 4. An Achaean of Aegium, accused by Critolaus
At length, however, a great fleet and army were of betraying the counsels of his countrymen to the
assembled under the command' of Tiribazus and Romans, B.. 1] 46. (Polyb. xxxviii. 5.) [E. H. B.]
Orontes, and Evagoras having ventured to oppose EVA'GRIUS (EVaypLos). 1. Of ANTIOCH,
them with very inferior forces was totally defeated; was a native of Antioch, the son of a citizen of that
all the rest of Cyprus fell into the hands of the place, named Pompeianus, and a presbyter appasatraps, and Evagoras himself was shut up within rently of the church of Antioch. He travelled
the walls of Salamis. But the Persian generals into the west of Europe, and was acquainted with
seem to have been unable to follow up their advan- Jerome, who describes him as a man " acris ac
tage, and notwithstanding this blow the war was ferventis ingenii." During the schism in the paallowed to linger for some years. The dissensions triarchate of Antioch, he was chosen by one of the
between his two adversaries at length proved the parties (A. D. 388 or 389) successor to their deceased
safety of Evagoras: Tiribazus was recalled in con- patriarch Paulinus, in opposition to Flavianus, the
sequence of the intrigues of Orontes, and the latter patriarch of the other party. According to Theohastened to conclude a peace with the Cyprian doret, the manner of his election and ordination
monarch, by which he was allowed to retain un- was altogether contrary to ecclesiastical rule. The
controlled possession of Salamis, with the title of historians Socrates and Sozomen state that Evagrius
king. (Diod. xv. 2-4, 8, 9; Theopomp. ap. survived his elevation only a short time; but this
Phot. p. 120, a.; Isocr. Evag. p. 20], Pavnegyr. expression must not be too strictly interpreted, as
p. 70.) This war, which is said to have lasted ten it appears from Jerome that he was living in A. D.
yeas in all, was brought to a close in B. c. 385. 392. He was perhaps the Evagrius who instructed
(Diod. xv. 9;' Clinton, F. H. vol. ii. pp. 278-281.) Chrysostom in monastic discipline, though it is
Evagoras survived it above ten years. He was to be observed that Chrysostom was ordained a
assassinated in 374, together with his eldest son presbyter by Flavianus, the rival of Evagrins in
Pnytagoras, by an eunuch named Thrasydaeus; the see of Antioch. Evagrius had no successor in
but the murder was caused by revenge for a pri- his see, and' ultimately Flavianus succeeded in
vate injury, and he seems to have been succeeded healing the division.
without opposition by his son Nicocles. (Theo- Evagrius wrote treatises on various subjects
pomp. ap. Phot. p. 120, a, b.; Arist. Pol. v. 10; (diversarum hypotheseon tractatus). Jerome says
Diod. xv. 47, and Wesseling, ad loc.) Our know- the author had read them to him, but had not yet
ledge' of the character and administration of Eva- published them. They are not extant. Evagrius
goras:is derived mainly from the oration of Isocrates also translated the life'of St. Anthony by Athain his praise, addressed to his son Nicocles; but nasius from Greek into Latin. The very free
this is written in a style of undistinguishing pane- version printed in the Benedictine edition of
gyric, which must lead us to receive its statements Athanasius (vol. i. pars ii. p. 785, &c.) and in
with great caution. the Acta Sanctorum (Januar. vol. ii. p. 107), pro2. Apparently a son of the preceding, is men-'fesses to be that of Evagrius, and is addressed to
tioned by Diodorus as joined with Phocion in the his son Innocentius, who'is perhaps the Innocencommand of an expedition destined to recover tius whose death, A. D. 369 or 370, is mentioned
Cyprus for the king of Persia, from whom it had by Jerome. (Epist. 41 ad Ruinarn.) Tillemont
revolted. (B. c. 351.) They succeeded in reducing receives it, and Bollandus (Acta Sanct. l. a.)
all the island with the exception of Salamis, which and the Benedictine editors of Athanasius (. c.).
was held by Pnytagoras, -probably a brother of vindicate its genuineness; but Cave affirms that