A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

JULIA. JULIA. 041
sprinkled. with blood of the rioters. The slave who happy nor lasting. -After the death of their infanrt
carried to his house on the Carinae the stained son at Aquileia, Tiberius, partly in disgust at
toga was seen by Julia, who, imagining that her Julia's levities (Suet. Ti. 8), went, in B.C. 6, into
husband was slain, fell into premature labour (Val. voluntary exile, and before he returned to Italy,
Max. iv. 6. ~ 4; Plut. Pomp. 53), and her con- Augustus had somewhat tardily discovered the
stitution received an irreparable shock. In the misconduct of his daughter. With some allowSeptember of the next year, B. c. 54, she died in ance for the malignity of her step-mother Livia,
childbed, and her infant-a son, according to some for the corruptions of the age and the court; and
writers (Vell. ii. 47; Suet. Cuaes. 26; comp. Lu- for the prejudices of writers either favourable to
can. v. 474, ix. 1049), a daughter, according to Tiberius, or who wrote after her disgrace, the
others (Plut. Pomp. 53; Dion Cass. xxxix. 64), — vices of Julia admit of little doubt, and her indissurvived her only a few days (Id. xl. 44). Pom- cretion probably exceeded her vices. Her frank
pey wished her ashes to repose in his favourite and lively temperament broke through the politic
Alban villa, but the Roman people, who loved decorum of the palace, her ready wit disdained
Julia, determined they should rest in the field of prudence, and created enemies; the forum and
Mars. For permission a special decree of the the rostra were the scenes of her nocturnal orgies;
senate was necessary, and L. Domitius Ahenobar- and, if we may judge by their names, her combus [AHENOBARBUS, No. 7], one of the consuls panions were taken indifferently from the highest
of B. C. 54, impelled by his hatred to Pompey and and the lowest orders in Rome. (Vell. i. 100;
Caesar, procured an interdict from the tribunes. Dion Cass. Iv. 10; Suet. Aug. 19, 64; Macrob.
But the popular will prevailed, and, after listening Sat. i. 11, vi. 5.) Her father's indignation on disto a funeral oration in the forum, the people placed covering what all Rome knew, was unbounded;
her urn in the Campus Martius. (Dion Cass. xxxix. he threatened her with death, he condemned her
64; comp. xlviii. 53.) It was remarked, as a to exile, and imprudently revealed to the senate
singular omen, that on the day Augustus entered the full extent of his domestic shame. To all
the city as Caesar's adoptive son, the monument of solicitations for her recal-which towards the end
Julia was struck by lightning (Suet. Octav. 95; of his reign were frequent, for the people loved
comp. Caes. 84). Caesar was in Britain, according Julia, and dreaded Livia and Tiberius-he replied
to Seneca (Cons. ad Marc. 14), when he received. with the hope that the petitioners themselves
the tidings of Julia's death. (Comp. Cic. ad Quint. might have similar daughters and wives. He
fi: iii. 1, ad Att. iv. 17.) He vowed games to her called her a disease in his flesh; repeatedly wished
manes, which he exhibited in B.C. 46. (Dion himself childless; and when Phoebe, one of Julia's
Cass. xliii. 22; Suet. Caues. 26; Plut. Caes. 55.) freedwomen, slew herself to avoid the punish6. Daughter of Augustus by Scribonia [SCRI- ment liberally inflicted on the partners of her
BONIA], and his only child. She was born in B. C. mistress's revels, he exclaimed, " Would I had
39, and was but a few days old when her mother been Phoebe's father! " (Dion Cass. Iv. 10;
was divorced. (Dion-Cass. xlviii. 34.) Julia was Suet. Aug. 65.) If, however, Pliny's assertion is
educated with great strictness. The manners of credible, that Julia had engaged in a conspiracy
the imperial court were extremely simple, and the against her father's life, his anger is intelligible
accomplishments of her rank and station were di- (Plin. H. N. vii. 45), and, at a later period of his
versified by the labours of the loom and the reign, she seems to have been an object of interest
needle. (Suet. Aug. 73.) *A daily register was to the disaffected. (Suet. Aug. 19.) Julia was
kept of her studies and occupations; her words, first banished to Pandataria, an island on the coast
actions, and associates were jealously watched; of Campania. Her mother Scribonia shared her
and her father gravely reproached L. Vinicius, a exile, but this was the only alleviation of her sufyouth of unexceptionable birth and character, for ferings: wine, all-the delicacies, and most of the
addressing Julia at Baiae (Suet. Aug. 63, 64). comforts of life, were denied her, and no one, of
She married, B. C. 25, M. Marcellus, her first cousin, whatever condition, was permitted to approach her
the son of Octavia (Dion Cass. liii. 27), and, after place of seclusion without special licence from Auhis death, B. C. 23, without issue, M. Vipsanius gustus himself. At the end of five years she was
Agrippa [AGRIPPA, M. VIPSANIUS] (Dion Cass. removed to Rhegium, where her privations were
liii. 30, liv. 6; Plut. Ant. 87; Suet. Aug. 63), by somewhat relaxed, but she was never suffered to
wxhom she had three sons, C. and L. Caesar, and quit the bounds of the city. Even the testament of
Agrippa Postumus, and two daughters, Julia and Augustus showed the inflexibility of his anger. He
Agrippina. She- accompanied Agrippa to Asia bequeathed her no legacy, and forbade her ashes to
Minor in B. C. 17, and narrowly escaped drowning repose in his mausoleum. On the accession of
in the Scamander. (Nic. Dam. p. 225, ed. Coray.; Tiberius her exile was enforced with new rigour.
Joseph. Antiq. xvi. 2. ~ 2.) After Agrippa's Her former allowance was diminished and often
death in B.C. 12, Augustus meditated taking a withheld; her just claims on her father's personal
husband for his daughter from the equestrian estate were disregarded; she was kept in close
order, and C. Proculeius was at the time thought and solitary confinement in one house; and in A. D.
likely to have been preferred by him. (Tac. Ann. 14, consumption, hastened if not caused by grief
iv. 39, 40; Suet. Aug. 63; Plin. N. H. vii. 45; and want of necessaries, terminated, in the 54th
Dion Cass. liv. 3; Hor. Carm. ii. 2, 5.) Accord- year of her age, the life of the guilty, but equally
ing, indeed, to one account (Suet. 1. c.; Dion Cass. unfortunate, daughter of the master of the Roman
xlviii. 54, li. 15; Suet. I. c.), he had actually be- world. (Suet. Tib. 50; Tac. Ann. i. 53.) Macrotrothed her to a son of M. Antonyt and to Cotiso, bius (Sat. vi. 5) has preserved several specimens of
a king of the Getae [COTISO]; but his choice at Julia's conversational wit, and has sketched her
length fell on Tiberius Nero, who was afterwards intellectual character with less prejudice than usuCaesar. (Vell. ii. 96; Suet. Tib. 7; Dion Cass. ally marks the accounts of her.
liv. 31.) Their union, however, was neither There are only Greek coins of Julia extant;
VOL. II. T T