A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

640 JULIA.' JULIA.
instantly surrounded, his attendants cut to pieces, besieging Dec. Brutus in Mutina,' B. C. 43" Julia:
and he himself made prisoner, and delivered in exerted her own and her family's influence in
chains to Sulla, by whom he was conveyed Rome to prevent his being outlawed by the senate
directly to the camp of Marius. This occurred (App. B. C.. iii. 51), and after the triumvirate was
early in the year 106. He remained in captivity formed, she rescued her brother, L. Julius Caesar
till the return of Marius to Rome, when, after [CAESAR, No. 11], from her son, and interceded
adorning the triumph of his conqueror (Jan. 1, with him for many rich and high-born women
B. C. 104), he was thrown into a dungeon, and whose wealth exposed them to proscription. (App.
there starved to death. His two sons, who were, B. C. iii. 32.) In.the Perusine war, B. c. 41,
together with himself, led in chains before the car Julia fled from Rome, although Augustus had uniof Marius, were afterwards allowed to spend their formly treated her with kindness, and now uplives in captivity at Venusia. braided her distrust of him, to Sext. Pompey in
There is no doubt that Jugurtha occupies a more Sicily, by whom she was sent with a distinprominent place in history than he would other- guished escort and convoy of triremes to M. Anwise deserve, in consequence of the war against tony in Greece. (App. B. C. v. 52, 63.) At
him having been made the subject, by Sallust, of Athens Julia forwarded a reconciliation of the
one of the most beautiful historical works that triumvirs, and returned with her son to Italy in
has been preserved to us from antiquity. From B. C. 39, and was probably present at their meeting
that work the above narrative is almost wholly with Sext. Pompey at Misenum. (Plut. Ant. 19;
taken, the other authorities now extant adding Dion Cass. xlvii. 8, xlviii. 16; Cic. Phil. ii. 6, 8;
scarcely any thing to our information, except the Schol. Bob. in Vat. p. 321, Orelli.)
circumstances of the death of Jugurtha, which are 3. The elder of the two sisters of Caesar the dicgiven in detail by Plutarch. Of his personal cha- tator, married, but in what order is uncertain, L. Piracter it is unnecessary to say much, the picture of narius, of a very ancient patrician family (Liv. i. 7),
him, preserved by Sallust, though drawn by one of and Q. Pedius, by each of whom she had at least one
his enemies, has all the appearance of a true por- son. (App. B. C. iii. 22, 23; Suet. Caes. 83.) It is
trait. It is that of a genuine barbarian chief-bold, doubtful whether it was the elder or the younger of
reckless, faithless, and sanguinary-daring and the dictator's sisters who gave her evidence against
fertile of resource in action, but fickle and wavering P. Clodins [CLODmUS, No. 40], when impeached for
in policy, and incapable of that steadiness of pur- impiety in B. C. 61. (Suet. Caes. 74; Schol. Bob.
pose which can alone command success. The in Clod. p. 337, Orelli.)
peculiar character of Numidian warfare, and the 4. The younger sister of Caesar the dictator,
disasters of the generals first employed against him, was the wife of M. Atius Balbus [BALBUS ATIUS],
appear to have excited in the minds of the Romans by whom she had Atia, the mother of Augustus
themselves an exaggerated idea of the abilities and [ATIA]. Julia died in B. c. 52-51, when her
resources of their adversary, which the subsequent grandson, Augustus, was in his twelfth year
events of the war, as related by Sallust, hardly seem (Suet. Aug. 8; Quint. xii. 6), and he pronounced
to justify. (Sall. Jugurtha; Liv. Epit. lxii. lxiv her funeral oration. Nicolails of Damascus (c. 3),
— xvii; Plut. Mar., 7 —10, Sull. 3, 6; Appian, indeed, places her decease three years earlier, in
Hisp. 89, Numid. 2-4; Diod. Exc. xxxv. pp. her grandson's ninth year, and, as a contemporary,
605, 607, 630; Dion Cass. Fragm. 167-169; his evidence might be preferable, were there not
Vell. Pat. ii. 11, 12; Oros. v. 15; Eutrop. iv. 26, apparent in his narrative a wish to exalt the genius
27; Flor. iii. 2.) [E. H. B.] of Augustus by abating from his age at the time
JU'LIA. 1. A daughter of C. Julius Caesar he pronounced the oration. (See Weichert, de
[CAESAR, No. 14] and Marcia, and aunt of Caesar Imp. Caes. Aug. Script. i. p. 11, Grimae, 1835.)
the dictator. She married C. Marius the elder, by 5. Daughter of Caesar the dictator, by Cornelia
whom she had one son, C. Marius, slain at Prae- [CORNELIA, 2], and his only child in marriage
neste in B. C. 82.:Julia died B. c. 68, and her (Tac. Ann. iii. 6). She was born' B. C. 83-82,
nephew, C. Julius Caesar, pronounced her funeral and was betrothed to Servilius Caepio [CAEPIO,
oration, in which he traced her descent through No. 14], but married Cn. Pompey, B. c. 59. This
the Marcii to Ancus, the fourth king of Rome, family-alliance of its two great chiefs was regarded
and through the Julii to Anchises and Venus. At as the firmest bond of the so-called first triumvirate,
the funeral of Julia were exhibited, for the first and was accordingly viewed with much alarm by
time since Sulla's dictatorship in B. C. 81, the the oligarchal party in Rome, especially by Cicero
statues and inscriptive titles of the elder Marius. and Cato (Cic. ad JAtt. ii. 17, viii. 3; Plut. Caes.
(Plut. Mar. 6, Caes. 1, 5; Suet. Caes. 6.) 14, Pomp. 48, Cat. Min. 31; App. B. C. ii. 14;
2. A daughter of L. Julius Caesar [CAESAR, No. Suet. Caes. 50; Dion Cass. xxxviii. 9; Gell. iv.
9] and Fulvia. She married M. Antonius Cre- 10. ~ 5; comp. August. Civ. Dei. iii. 13). The perticus [ANTONIUS, NO. 9], and, after his death, P. sonal charms of Julia were remarkable; her taLentulus Sura, who was executed B. c. 63, as an lents and virtues equalled her beauty; and although
accomplice of Catiline. By Antonius she had policy prompted her union, and she was twentythree sons, Marcus, afterwards the triumvir, Caius, three years younger than her husband, she posand Lucius. Plutarch (Ant. 2) represents Julia sessed in Pompey a devoted husband, to whom
as an exemplary matron, and Cicero (in Cat. iv. 6) she was, in return, devotedly attached. (Plut.
styles her "femina lectissima." But neither in Pomp. 48, 53.) It was not the least fortunate:her husbands nor her children was Julia fortunate. circumstance in Julia's life that she died before a
Antonius lived a prodigal, and died inglorious; breach between her husband and father had beand Lentulus, by his bad example, corrupted his come inevitable. (Vell. Pat. ii. 44, 47; Flor. iv. 2.
*step-sons. Her sons, especially Marcus, who was ~ 13; Plut. Pomp. 53; Lucan, i. 113.) At the
not her favourite (Cic. Phil. ii. 24), involved her election of aediles in B. C. 55, Pompey was surin the troubles of the civil wars. While he was rounded by a tumultuous mob, and his gown was