A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ISAGORAS. ISCEIOLAIYS. 625~
Milan, 815,fol.,and reprinted in his Classic. Actor. f note: of its remote origii he professes himself
e Cod. Vatioan. vol. iv. p. 280, &c. (Rome, 1831.) ignorant, but adds that'his kinsmen sacrificed to:
Isaeus also wrote on rhetorical subjects, such as a Carian Zeus. When Cleomenes I. of Sparta came'
work entitled 2lat e'XYal, which, however, is lost. to' Athens, in B. C. 510, to drive out Hippias, he:
(Plut. Vit. X. Orat. p. 839; Diionys. Epist. ad formed a connection of friendship and hospitality<Ammon. i. 2.) Although his orations were placed with Isagoras, who was suspected of conniving at.
fifth in the Alexandrian eainon, still we do not hear an intrigue between his wife and the Spartan king.:
of any of the grammarians having written com- Not long after this we find Isagoras, the leader of~
mentaries upon them, except L)idymus of Alexan- the oligarchical party at Athens, in opposition to..
dria. (Harpocrat. s. vv.?yaIreAiap, 7ravatalta.) But Cleisthenes, and, when he found the latter too
we still possess the criticism upon Isaeus written strong for him, he applied to Cleomenes for aid.'
by Dionysius of Halicarnassus;: and by a corm- The attempt made by the Spartans in consequence.
parison of the orations still extant with the opinions to establish oligarchy at Athens was defeated;'
of Dionysius, we come to the following conclusion. and when Cleomenes, eager for revenge, again inThe oratory of Isaeus resembles in many points vaded Attica, with the view of placing the chief.
that of his teacher, Lysias: the style of both is power in the hands of Isagoras, his enterprise:
pure, clear, and concise; but while Lysias is at the again came to nothing, through the defection of:'
same time simple and graceful, Isaeus evidently the Corinthians and Demaratus. (Herod. v. 66,
strives to attain a higher degree of polish and re- 70-72, 74, 75; Plut. de Herod. Malign. 23;
finement, without, however, in the least injuring Pans. iii. 4, vi. 8.) [CIEISTHENES; CLEOMENES;the powerful and impressive character of his oratory. DEMARATITS.] [E. E.]
The same spirit is visible in the manner in which ISANDER (Ilaav'pos), a son of Bellerophon,
he handles his subjects, especially in their skilful killed by Ares in the fight with the Solymi. (Hom.
division, and in the artful manner in which he Il. vi. 197; Strab.xii. p.573, xiii.p. 630.) [L. S.]
interweaves his arguments with various parts of the ISAU'RICUS, a surname of P. Servilius Vatia,exposition, whereby his orations become like a father and son. [VATIA.]
painting in which light and shade are distributed I'SCANUS, JOSE'PHUS, the author of a Latin
with a distinct view to produce certain effects. It poem on the Trojan war, in six books, in hexameter
was mainly owing to this mode of management metre. This poem has sometimes been ascribed to
that he was envied and censured by his contempo- Cornelius Nepos, for which reason it is mentioned
raries, as if he had tried to deceive and misguide here, but its author was a native of England, and
his hearers. He was one of the first who turned lived in the twelfth century of our era. It is,
their attention to a scientific cultivation of political printed at the end of the edition of Dictys Cretenoratory; but excellence in this department of the sis, published at Amsterdam, in 1702.
art was not attained till the time of Demosthenes. ISCHA'GORAS ('IoXayodpas), commanded the
The orations of Isaeus are contained in the col- reinforcements sent by Sparta in the ninth year of
lections of the Greek orators, published by Aldus, the Peloponnesian war, B. c. 423, to join Brasidas
Stephens, Miniati, Reiske, Ducas, Bekker, and in Chalcidice. Perdiccas, as the price of his new.
Baiter and Sauppe. A separate edition, with treaty with Athens, prevented, by means of his
Reiske's and Taylor's notes, appeared at-Leipzig, influence in Thessaly, the passage of the troops.'
1773. 8vo., and another by GO. H. Schafer, Leip- Ischagoras himself, with some others, made their
zig, 1822, 8vo. The best separate edition is that way to Brasidas, but how long he'staid is doubtful;
by G. F. Sch6mann, with critical notes and a in B. c. 421 we find him sent again from Sparta to
good commentary, Greifswald, 1831, 8vo. There the same district, to urge Clearidas to give up Amis an English translation of the orations of Isaeus, phipolis, according to the treaty, into the hands of
by Sir William Jones (London, 1794, 4to.), with the Athenians. (Thuc. iv. 132, v. 21.) [A. H. C.]
prefatory discourse, notes critical and historical, ISCHANDER ('IoxaSopos), an obscure Atheand a commentary. (Comp. Westermann, Gesch. nian tragic poet, in whose plays Aeschines is said
d. (Giech. Beredtsamkeit, ~ 51, and Beilage, v. p. to have acted. (AESCHINEs, p. 37, a; Vit. Aesce.;-,293, &c.; J. A. Liebmann, De Isaei Vita et Harpocrat, s. v. 1Ioxavspos; Kayser, Hist. Crit.
Scriptis, Halle, 1831, 4to.) Traq. Graec. p. 284.) [P. S.]
2. A sophist and rhetorician, was a native of I'SCHENUS ('IoXevog), also called Taraxippus,
Assyria. In his youth he gave himself up to from the horses becoming shy on his tomb, is said
sensual pleasures and debauchery; but after attain- to have allowed himself to be sacrificed for the puring the age of manhood, he changed his mode of pose of averting a plague, for which reason sacrilife, and became a person of very respectable and fices were offered to him at the Olympian games.
sober habits. He must have lived for some time (Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 43; TARAXIPPUIS.) [L. S.]
at Rome in the life of Pliny the younger, who ISCHOLA'US or I'SCHOLAS ('IrAxdaos,
speaks of him (Epist. ii. 3; comp. Juvenal, iii. 74,'IfrXoAas), a Spartan, who, when the Peloponnesus
with the Scholiast) in terms of the highest praise. was invaded by the Thebans and their allies in
He seems to have enrjoyed a very great reputation B. C. 369, was stationed at the village of Ium or
as a declaimer, and to have been particularly strong Oium, in the district of Sciritis, with a body of
in extempore speaking. None of his productions veooa/iscels and about 400 Tegean exiles. By
have come down to us. Philostratus (Vit. Soph. occupying the pass of the Sciritis, he might, accordi. 20) has dedicated a whole chapter to his bio- ing to Xenophon, have succeeded in repelling the
graphy, but relates only some anecdotes of him, and Arcadians, by whom the invasion was'made in that'adds a few remarks on the character of his orations. quarter: but he chose rather to make his stand in'(Comp. Anonym.'Iaatov ye'vos, p. 261, in- Wester- the village, where he was surrounded and slain,'mann's Vitarum Script. Graeci Minor.) [L. S.] with almost all his men. Diodorus, who lauds his
ISA'GORAS ('IOaaydas), an Athenian, son of valour somewhat rhetorically, and compares him
Tisander. Herodotus' says that his family was one with Leonidas at Thermopylae, tells us that, when
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