A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

b52 ~ ESAIAS; ESAIAS.
3. A son of Aristas and father of Arrhpn, or,'determined to quit the world; one of them distriaccording to others, the son of Arcas and father of buted his whole property to the poor, the other
Xanthus. (Paus. viii. 24. ~ 1.) [L. S.] expended: his in the foundation of a monastic and
E'RYMAS ('Epliuas), the name of three different charitable establishment. If the Orations menTrojans. (Hom. II. xvi. 345, 415; Virg. Aen. ix. tioned below are correctly ascribed to the Esaias
702.) [L. S.] of Palladius, the first oration (which in the Latin
ERYSICHTHON ('EpvoX0uoY), that is, the version begins "Qui mecum manere vultis, audite,"
tearer up of the earth. 1. A son of Triopas, who &c.) enables us to identify him as the brother that
cut down trees in a grove sacred to Demeter, for founded the monastery. Rufinus in his Lives of
which he was punished by the goddess with fearful the Fathers, quoted by Tillemont, mentions an anechunger. (Callim. Hymn. in Cer. 34, &c.; Ov. Met. dote of Esaias and some other persons of monastic
viii. 738, &c.) Miiller (Dor. ii. 10.'~ 3) thinks character, visiting the confessor Anuph or Anub
that the traditions concerning Triopas and Erysich- (who had suffered in the great persecution of Diothon (from ipevelp%, robigo) belong to an agricul- cletian, but had survived that time) just before his
tural religion, which, at the same time, refers to the death. If we suppose Esaias' to have been cominfernal regions. paratively young, this account is not inconsistent
2. A son of Cecrops and Agraulos, died without with Cave's opinion, that' Esaias flourished A. D.
issue in his father's lifetime, on his return from 370. Assemanni supposes that he lived about the
Delos, from whence he brought to Athens the an- close of the fourth century. He appears to have
cient image of Eileithyia. His tomb was shewn lived in Egypt.
at Prasiae. (Apollod. iii. 14. ~ 2; Paus. i. 18. ~ 5, There are dispersed through the European li2. ~ 5, 31. ~ 2.) [L. S.] braries a number of worksin MS. ascribed to Esaias,
ERYTHRUS CEpv.pos) 1. A son of Leucon, who is variously designated "Abbas," "Presbyter,"
and grandson of Athamas. He was one of the " Eremita," "Anachoreta." They are chiefly in
suitors of Hippodameia, and the town of Erythrae, Greek. Some of them have been published, either
in Boeotia, was believed to have derived its name in the original or in a Latin version. Assemanni
from him. (Paus. vi. 21. ~ 7; MUiller, Orchom. p. enumerates some Arabic and several Syriac works
210. 2nd edit.). of Esaias, which, judging from their titles, are ver2. A son of Rhadamanthus, who led the Ery- sions in those tongues of the known works of this
thraeans from Crete to the Ionian Erythrae.'(Paus. writer. It is not ascertained whether Esaias the
vii. 3. ~ 4.) There are two other mythical per. writer is the Esaias mentioned by Palladius. Carsonages of the name of Erythrus, or Erythrius, dinal Bellarmin, followed by the editors of the
from whom the Boeotian Erythrae, and the Ery- Bibliotheca Patrum, places the writer in the seventh
thraeanr Sea, are said to have received their names century subsequent to' the time of Palladius; but
respectively. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 267; Steph. the character of the works supports the opinion that
Byz. s. v.'Epvapd'; Curtius, viii. 9.) [L. S.] they belong to the Egyptian monk.
ERYX ('Epvo), the name of three mythical (1.) Chapters on the ascetic and peaceful ljfe
personages. (Diod. iv. 83; Apollod. ii. 5. ~ 10; (KeipadAaa urepl dciroasEs Kal arvXias), published
Ov. Mfet. v. 196.) [L. S.] in Greek and Latin in the Thesaurus Asceticus of
ERYXI'MACHUS ('EpviluaXos), a Greek Pierre Possin,pp. 315-325; 4to.Paris, 1684. As
physician, who' lived in the fourth century B. C., some MSS. contain portions of this work in conand is introduced -in the Convivium of Plato (p. nexion with other passages not contained in it, it is
185) as:telling Aristophanes how to cure -the probable that the Chapters are incomplete. One
hiccup, and in the mean time making a speech MS. in the King's Library at Paris is described as
himself on love or harmony (VEpes), which he " Esaiae Abbatis Capita Ascetica, in duos libros
illustrated from his own profession. [W. A. G.] divisa, quorum unusquisque praecepta centum comESAIAS ('H'atnas), sometimes written in Latin plectitur."
ISAIAs. - 1. Of CYPRUS, lived probably in the'(2.) Precepta seu Consilia posita tironibus, a
reign of John VII. (Palaeologus) about A. D. Latin version of sixty-eight Short Precepts, pub1-430. - Nicolaus Comnenus mentions a work of lished by Lucas Holstenius, in his Codex Regulahis, described-as Oratio de Lipsanomachis, as ex- rum Monasticarum. (vol. i. p. 6. ed. Augsburg,
tant in MS. at' Rome; and his Epistle in defence 1759.)
of the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Fa- (3.):Orationes. A Latin version of twentyther and the Son, in reply to Nicolaus Sclengias, nine discourses of Esaias was published by
is given by Leo Allatius in his Graecia Ortho- Pietro Francesco Zini, with some ascetic writdoxa, both in the original Greek. and'in a Latin ings of Nilus and others,' 8vo. Venice, 1574, and
version. Two epistles ol Michael Glycas, ad- have been reprinted in the Bibliotheca Patruni.
dressed to the much revered (TiucTaTI?4q) monk They are not all orations, but, in one or two inEsaias are published in the Deliciae: Eruditorum stances at least,. are collections of apophthegms or
of Giovanni Lami, who is disposed to identify the sayings. Some MSS. contain more than twentyperson addressed with: Esaias of Cyprus. (Fabric. nine orations: one in the King's Library at Paris
Bibl. Graec. vol. xi..p. 395; Wharton, Appendix to contains thirty, wanting the beginning of the first;
Cave's Hist. Litt. vol. ii. p. 130, ed. Oxford, 1740-3; and one, mentioned by Harless, is said to contain
Lami, Deliciae Eruditorum, vol. viii. pp.' 236-279, thirty-one, differently arranged from those in the
Florence, 1739.)'' Bibliotheca Patrum.
2. Of EGYPT. Palladius in the. biographical (4.) Dubitationes in Visionem Ezechielis. A
notices which make up what is usually termed his MS. in the Royal Library of the Escurial in Spain,
Lausida History, mentions two brothers, Paesius is described by Montfaucon (Bibliothleca Bibliothwe(IHajotes) and Esaias, the sons of a merchant, carum, p. 619) as containing Sermones et Dubitalarav3bpopos, by which some understand a Spanish tiones in Visionera Ezechielis, by " Esaias Abbas."
merchant.: Upon the death of their'father they The Sermones or discourses are probably those men