A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

IPHICRATES. IPHICRATE8. 617
91, xv. 44; Polyaen. iii. 9; Corn. Nep. Ifp.: 1; whilet''he over-cautious satrap would not consent,
Suid. s..'Iac~pavgtES; Strab. viii. p. 389.) In and (much time having been lost) when the season
the spring of'392 Iphicrates with his peltasts of the Nile's inundation'came on, he drew off his
formed part of the garrison of the fortress Peiraeum, army. Iphicrates, remembering the fate of CONON,
in the Corinthian territorsy, whence he was sum- and fearing for his personal safety, fled to Athens,
moned to the defence of Corinth, against which and was denounced to the Athenians by' PharnaAgesilaus had made a feint of marching. But the bazus as having caused the failure of the expedireal object of the Spartan king was Peiraeum, and, tion. The people promised to punish him as he.
when it was we.'ened by the withdrawal of Iphi- deserved; but the next year (B. c. 373) they apcrates, he advanced and took it. Meanwhile pointed him to, command against Mnasippus in
Iphicrates reached Corinth; and here it was that, Corcyra, in conjunction with CALLISTRATUS and
sallying forth with his targeteers, he defeated and Chabrias, with the former of whom he also joined'
nearly destroyed the Lacedaemonian Mora, which in prosecuting TIMOTHEUS, the superseded gene-'
was on its way back to Lechaeum, after having ral. In getting ready the fleet necessary for this'
escorted for some distance homewards the Amy- service, Iphicrates exhibited great and probably not
claeans of the army of Agesilaus, returning to over-scrupulous activity; and the Athenians allowed
Laconia for the celebration of the Hyacinthian him (perhaps through the influence of Callistratus)
festival. This exploit of Iphicrates became very to make use of all the ships round the coast, even
celebrated throughout Greece, and had more im- the Paralus and Salaminia, on a promise from him
portance assigned' to it than we should be inclined that he would send back a great number in return
at first to' imagine possible, as is clear from the for them. The state of affairs in the West left
grief it caused in the camp'of Agesilan's, from the him no time to lose, and his crews were in a very'
caution with which he marched home through the imperfect state of training; but he remedied this
Peloponnesus, and from the suspension of the by making the whole voyage an exercise of naval
Theban negotiations for terms with Sparta. Thirl- tactics. On his way he landed in Cephallenia'
wall supposes that it may have also prevented the (where he received full assurance of the death of
peace between Lacedaemon and Athens, which Mnasippus), and having brought over the island
ANDOCIDES with others had been commissioned to to the Athenians, lie sailed on to Corcyra. Deconclude. Iphicrates, encouraged by his success, feating here the force which Dionysius I. of Syrarecovered Sidus and Crommyon, which Praxitas cuse had sent to the aid of the Lacedaemonians, he
had taken, as well as'Oenie, where Agesilaus had carried on the war with vigour till the peace of
placed a garrison. Soon after he retired, or was 371 put an end to operations and recalled him to
dismissed, from the command, in consequence, it Athens. (Xen. Hell. vi. 2, 3; Diod. xv. 29, 41seems, of the jealousy of the Argives; for he had 43, 47, xvi. 57; Nep. Iph. 2; Dem. c. Tim. pp.
shown a desire to reduce the Corinthian territory 1187, 1188.) In B. c. 369, when the Pelopollneunder the power of Athens, and had put to death sus was invaded by'Epaminondas, Iphicrates was
some Corinthians of the Argive party. He was appointed to the command of the forces voted by
succeeded by CHABRIAS. (Xen. Hell. iv. 5, 8. ~ 34; Athens for the aid of Sparta; but he did not effect,
Diod. xiv. 91, 92; Plut. Ages. 22; Dem. Phil. i. p. perhaps he did not wish to effect, ally thing against
46; c. Aristoc. p. 686; Pans. iii. 10;-Nep. Iph. 2; the Thebans, who made their way back in safety
Andoc. de Pace.) In B. C. 389 he was sent to the through an unguarded pass' of the Isthmus. (See
Hellespont to counteract the operations of ANAxI- Vol. II. p. 22, b; Rehdantz, iv. ~ 6.) About B. C.
BIUS, who was defeated by him and slain in the 367, he was sent against Amphipolis, apparently,following year. In spite of his victory, however, however, to observe rather than to act, so small:
Iphicrates was not able to prevail against ANTAL- was the force committed to him. At this period it
CIOAS. (Xen. Hell. iv. 8. ~~ 34, &c.; Polyaen. was that he listened to the entreaties of EURYDICE;
iii. 9.) the widow of Amyntas II. (who had adopted IphiOn the peace of 387 Iphicrates did not return to crates as his son), and drove out from Macedonia
Athens; but we do not know whether he acted the pretender Pausanias. But, notwithstanding
on a command of the state or on his own judgment this favour, Ptolemy of Alorus, the regent of Main aiding Seuthes, king of the Odrysae, to recover cedon, and the reputed paramour of Eurydice,
his kingdom, from which he had been expelled, supported Amphipolis against Iphicrates, who, with:
possibly by Cotys (see Rehdantz, ii. ~ 4; Senec. the aid of the adventurer CHARIDEMUS, continued
Exe. Cont. vi. 5.). Be that as it will, we find him the war for three years, at the end of which time
not long after in alliance with the latter prince, the Amphipolitans agreed to surrender, and gave
who gave him his daughter in marriage, and per- hostages for the fulfilment of their promise; imme-s
haps enabled him to build the town of- Aps in diately after which Iphicrates was superseded by
Thrace (Dem. c. Arist. p. 663; Anaxand. ap. Timotheus. (Aesch. de Fals. Leg. pp. 31, 32;
Athen. iv. p. 131; Nep. iphi. 2, 3; Isaeus, de Nep. iph. -3; Dem. c. Arist. p. 669; Suid. s. v.
Haer. Meneal. ~ 7; Polyaen. iii. 9; Suid. and Kdpasor.)
Harpocr. s. v. ApLs.) When the Athenians, in The connection of Iphicrates with Cotys may
B. C. 377, recalled Chabrias from the service of perhaps have led to the decree which deprived him
Acoris, king of Egypt, on the remonstrance of of the command in those parts; and, if any alarm
Pharnabazus, they also sent Iphicrates with 20,000 was, felt by the Athenians on this score, the result
Greek mercenaries to aid the satrap in reducing proved that it was not unfounded, for we find him
Egypt to obedience. Several years, however, soon after aiding his father-in-law in his war with
wasted by the Persians in preparation, elapsed be- Athens for the possession of the Thracian Cherfore the allied troops set forth from'Ace (Acre). sonesus. This seems, indeed, to have been the
They met with some success at first, till a dispute. ground of the ypacph) svtfas which Timotheus
arose between Iphicrates and Pharnabazus, the pledged himself in the strongest way to bring
former of whom was anxious to attack Memphis, against him, though he afterwards abandoned it,