A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

616 IPHICLES. IPHICRATES.
than the treachery of Jovius became manifest. nursed by'Buphagus and Promne, but died there,
Honorius having despatched him, Valens, the and was honoured with a heroum.
quaestor Potamtins, and the notarius Julian to 2. A son of Thestius by Laophonte or DeidaRimini to effect an arrangement with Attalus,Jovius meia, and, according to others, by Eurythemis or
proposed to Attalus to divide the western empire Leucippe. He took part in the Calydonian hunt
with Honorius; but the usurper having declined the and the expedition of the Argonauts. (Apollod. i.
proposition,Joviussuddenlyabandonedthe emperor, 8. ~ 3, 9. ~ 16; Apollon. Rhod. i. 201; Orph.
and made common cause with Attalus. After the Arg. 158; Val. Flacc. i. 370; Hygin. Fab. 14.)
unhaly issue of the rebellion of Attalus, Jovius 3. A son of Phylacus, and grandson of Deion and
fearlessly returned to Honorius, and had the im- Clymene, or, according to others, a son of Cephalus
pudence to assert that he had only joined the rebel and Clymene, the daughter of Minyas. He was
for the purpose of causing his certain ruin. He married to Diomedeia orAstyoche,and was the father
escaped punishment. It is very doubtful whether of Podarces and Protesilaus. (Hom. Il.ii. 705, xiii.
this Jovius is the same with the quaestor Jovius 698; Apollod. i. 9. ~ 12; Paus. iv. 36. ~ 2; x.
mentioned by Ammianus Marcellinus (xxi. 8.), 29. ~ 2; Hygin. Fab. 103.) He was, like the
in the year 361. (Zosim. v. p. 363, &c. ed. Paris; two other Iphicles, one of the Argonauts, and posOlympiodor. apud Photium, p. 180, &c.) [W. P.] sessed large herds of oxen, which he gave to MeIOXUS ("Iotos), a -son of Melanippus, and lampus, who had given him a favourable prophecy
grandson of Theseus and Perigune, is said to have respecting his progeny. (Hom. II. ii. 705, Od.
led a colony into Caria, in conjunction with Or- xi. 289, &c.) He was also celebrated for his
nytus. (Plut. Thes. 8.) [L. S.] swiftness in racing, by which he won the prize at
IPHIANASSA ('Ictlavaacra), the name of four the funeral games of Pelias, but in those of Amamythical personages: the first was a daughter of rynceus he was conquered by Nestor. (Paus. v.
Proetus by Anteia or Stheneboea [PROETUS]; the 17. ~ 4, 36. ~ 2. x. 29. ~ 2; Hom. II. xxiii.
second a daughter of Agamemnon and Clytaemnes- 636.) [L. S.]
tra, and one of the three maidens among whom IPHI'CRATES ('IqucpLr~7s), the famous AtheAchilles was to be allowed to choose (Hom. 11. ix. nian general, was the son of a shoemaker, whose
145, 287); the third was the wife of Endymion name seems to have been Timotheus. He first
(Apollod. i. 7. ~ 6), and the fourth one of the Ne- brought himself into notice by gallantly boarding a
reides. (Lucian, Dial. Deor. 14.) [L. S.] ship of the enemy (perhaps at the battle of Cnidus,
I'PHIAS ('Icdes), i. e. a daughter of Iphisj a B. c. 394) and bringing off the captain to his own
name applied to Evadne, the wife of Capaneus, trireme. It was from this exploit, if we may be(Ov. Ep. ex Pont. iii. 1, 111; Eurip. Suppl. 985, lieve Justin, that the Athenians gave him the com&c.) Iphias is also the name of a priestess men- mand of the forces which they sent to the aid of
tioned in the story about the Argonauts. (Apollon. the Boeotians after the battle of Coroneia, when he
Rhod. i. 312 ) [L. S.] was only 25 years old. (Arist. Rhet. i. 7. ~ 32, 9.
IPHICIA'NUS ('lIQCLavo's), a physician, who ~ 31, ii. 23. ~ 8; Plut. Apoph. p. 41. ed. Tauchn.;
is mentioned four times by Galen, and whose name Just. vi.. 5; Oros. iii. 1; see Rehdantz, Vit. Iphic.
is in each passage spelt differently, viz.'IucLaro's Chabr. Timoth. i. ~ 7. Berol. 1845.) In B. c. 393 we
(Comment. in Hippoer.' De Ofic. Med. i. 3, vol. find him general of a force of mercenaries in the Athexviii. pt. ii. p. 654),'E(pLlavv's (De Ord. Libror. nian service at Corinth; and in this capacity he took
sor. vol. xix. p. 58),, luKlcave' (Comment. in Hip- part in the battle of Lechaeum, wherein the. Lacepeeor. " Epid. III." i. 29, vol. xvii. pt, i. p. 575), daemonian commander, Praxitas, having been adand qbtpcinavs (Comment. in Hippoar. " De Humor." mitted within the long walls of Corinth, defeated
iii. 34, vol. xvi. p. 484.) The form of the name the Corinthian, Boeotian, Argive, and Athenian
here adopted is considered by Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. troops. (Dem. Phil. i. p. 46; Schol. ad Arist. Plut.
vol. iii. p. 571, xiii. p; 302, ed. vet.) to bethe most 173; Diod. xiv. 86, 91; Polyaen. i. 9; Plat.
correct, but M. Littre, in his edition of Hippocrates Menex. p. 245; Xen. Hell. iv. 4. ~~ 6-12;
(vol. i. p. 113), seems to prefer Phecianus. He was Andoc. de Pace, p. 25; Harpocr. and Suid. s. v.
a pupil of Quintus, and one of the tutors of Galen, evrucdv.) The system now adopted by the belliabout the middle of the second century after Christ. gerent parties of mutual annoyance, by inroads on
He was a follower of the Stoic philosophy, and each other's territories, seems to have directed the
commented on part or the whole of the works of attention of Iphicrates to an important improveHippocrates. [W. A. G.] ment in military tactics - the formation of a body
IPHICLES or IPHICLUS ('IbPcKArs, "I4n- of targeteers (7rekranrafi) possessing, to a certain
Kcos, or'IpscAeus). 1. A son of Amphitryon'and extent, the advantages of heavy and light-armed
Alcmene of Thebes, was one night younger than forces. This he effected by substituting a small
his half-brother Heracles, who strangled the snakes target for the heavy shield, adopting a longer sword
which had been sent by Hera or by Amphitryon, and spear, and replacing the old coat of mail by a
and at which Iphicles was frightened. (Apollod. ii. linen corslet, while he also made his soldiers wear
4. ~ 8.) He was first married to Automedusa, the light shoes called afterwards, from his name,'ILldaughter of Alcathous, by whom he became the Ipa'ises. Having thus increased the efficiency of
father of Iolaus, and afterwards to the youngest " the hands of the army," to use his own metaphor
daughter of Creon. (Apollod. ii. 4. ~ 11.) He (Plut. Pelop. 2), he invaded with these troops the
accompanied Heracles on several expeditions, and territory of Phlius, and slew so many of the Phliais also mentioned among the Calydonian hunters. sians, that they were obliged to call in the aid of
(Apollod. i. 8. ~ 2.) According to Apollodorus a Lacedaemonian garrison, which ever before they
(ii. 7. ~ 3), he fell in battle against the sons of had carefully avoided; and he ravaged, too, the
Hippocoon, but according to Pausanias (viii. 14. lands of Arcadia with impunity, as the Arcadian
~ 6), he was wounded in the battle against the heavy-armed forces were afraid to face the tarMolionides, and being carried to Pheneus, he was geteers. (Xen. Hell. iv. 4. ~~ 14-17; Died. xiv