A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

JOSEPHUS. JOSEPHUS. 609
phus, mentions among his contemporaries and distilection from Flavius Josephus. The Hypocountrymen another Josephus or Joseph, whom he rnesticon was first published by Fabricius, with a
distinguishes (De Bell. Jud. ii. 20, sive 25) as Latin version and notes, as an appendix to the
gids rwpowvos, the son of Gorion. In the middle Codex Pseudepigraphus Veteris Testamnenti, vol. ii.
ages there appeared a history of the Jews (Historia 8vo. Hamb. 1723, and was reprinted in the second
Juddica), written in Hebrew, in an easy and even edition of that work (8vo. Hamb. 1741), and by
elegant style, professedly by Joseph Ben Gorion, a Gallandius in the volume above mentioned (the
priest, or, as the name is Latinized, Josephus Gorio- 14th) of the Bibliotheca Patrum, fol. Venice, 1781.
ilides. The work, which in the main coincides with Oudin regards the Hypomnnesticon as an interpolated
the Jewish Antiquities and with the Jewish War of Greek version of portions of the Hebrew work of
Flavius Josephus, was regarded by the Jews of the the Pseudo Joseph Ben Gorion [No. 10]. (Cave,
iniddle ages with great favour, and was supposed by Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 397; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. v.
imany to have been written by the celebratedFlavius p. 60, vol. viii. p. 347, vol. xi. p. 51; and Cod.
Josephus. But the general conclusion of Christian Pseud. Vet.' Test. vol. ii.; Galland. Bibl. Patrunm,
critics of modern times is, that the Ilistoria Ju- vol. xiv.; Oudin, Comiment. de Scriptor. Ecclesiast.
daisca is not written either by Flavius Josephus or vol. ii. col. 1058, &c.)
by the Joseph Ben Gorion, his contemporary, but 13. Of METHONE. A defence of the Florentirui
is a forgery, compiled chiefly from a Latin version council A. D. 1439, and of the union there negotiof the works of Flavius Josephus by a later writer, ated between the Greek and Latin churches, in
probably a French Jew of Brittany or Touraine, reply to Marcus Eugenicus of Ephesus [EUGENIafter the sixth century, as appears by his applying cus], is extant, under the name of Joseph, bishop
names to places and nations which were not in use of Methone (Modon), in the Peloponnesus. It is
till then. As the history is in Hebrew, a further entitled'AtroAotFa eis sod'ypalu.aldLov KVpo MapKou
account of it would be out of place in this work. To0 EVyevtcoiKO TpOPOALObr'ov'EPqov, Iesponsio ad
11. HYMNOGRAPHUS, a Greek ecclesiastic, Libellues Domini Marci Euyenici Metropolitae
sceuophylax, or keeper of the sacred vessels under Eplhesi, and is given, with a Latin version by Jo.
Ignatius, patriarch of Constantinople in the ninth Matt. Caryophilus, in the Concilia (vol. xiii. col.
century, wrote Mariale, apparently a hymn or 677, &c., ed. Labbe, and vol. ix. col. 549, &c., ed.
service in honour of the Virgin, of which a Latin Hardouin). Of this Joseph of Methone, Sguroplversion, with notes, was published by Ippolito Ius relates that he represented himself to the paMaracci, Rome, 8vo. 1662.' (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. triarch Joseph of Constantinople [No. 7], when the
v. p. 60.) latter touched at Methone, on his voyage to Italy to
12:. HYPOMNESTICI AUCTOR, sometimes called attend the council, as favourable to the opinions of
JOSEPHUS CHRISTIANUS, has been conjectured by the Greek church. If so, his subsequent change
Vossius to be the Joseph of Tiberias who, having was countenanced by the example of the patriarch
been converted from Judaism to Christianity, was himself, and of the leading prelates who attended
raised by Constantine the Great to the rank of the council. There is also extant another defence~
eomes, and was the friend and host of Epiphanius of the Florentine council, entitled'Iwc&vvou To6
(comp. Epiphan. Adv. Haeres. xxx. 4-12); but IlpwoToi'pe'os'rou hIIovboarvoO l AdAetLs 7repl srs
Cave, who was at one time disposed to coincide 8Lacpopas rss oJi's,poe'op pac, ical Awra',v, a
with Vossius, has shown that there are good reasons, Tre ial 7rep TrIs lepas Kai dylas' vuo'o e, @Aaoderived from the work itself, for placing the author of ppeszvia yevoevlezv, JoannizisArcehipresbyteri Plusiadeni
the Hypomnesticon early in the fifth century, about Disceptatio de Dierentiis inter Graecos et Latinos et
A. D. 420, long after the friend of Epiphanius, who de Sacrosancta Synodo Floreantina. Allatiusand Fawas already an aged man in the middle of'the bricius identify the two writers, and suppose that
fourth century. The work'Ioworrrov gLALIov Joannes Plusiadenus changed his name to Joe'TrourvqaoTrCv, Josephi Hypomnesticon set Libellas sephus on becoming bishop of Methone. Allatius
Memeorialis or Commonitorium, is devoted chiefly founds his supposition on the fact, that a MS. of
to the removal of such doubts or difficulties as the Responsio ad Marcumn Ephesinum, in the Ammight occur to less instructed Christians in reading brosian library at Milan, bears in its, title the namen
the Scriptures, and is usually divided into five of Joannes Plusiadenus; to which it may be added
books, and 167 chapters. Chapter 136 is an ex- that there are or were' extant in modern Greek,
tract from Hippolytus of Thebes [HIPPOLYTUS, according to the statement of Allatius, some MS.
No. 3], int~erpolated, as Cave supposes, by a later Conciones in dies Quadragesimnals Jejunii, by Jo-hand. This extract inclined Fabricius, who was seph of Methone, in the title of which he is surnot disposed to regard it as an interpolation, to named Plusiadenus. Cave denies the identity of:place the writer in the eleventh century; and it the two, because Sguropulus has called. Joseph of
was prdbably the same reason which induced Gal- Methone a Latin (O'Pwouaio'v 7riroiKo7ro$s) but this'landius to assign to the work the date A.n. 1000. probably only refers to his support of the opinions'But the editor of the last and posthumous volume of the Latin church.; Oudin translates the exof the Bibliotheca of Gallandius supports the con- pression "a Romanorum auctoritate derivans."
clusion of Cave as to the earlier existence of the The Disceptatio de DjFerentiis, &c., was published
writer,' whom,: however, he identifies with Joseph by Allatius in his Graecia Orthodoxa, vol. i. p. 583,'of Tiberias. The materials of the work are chiefly &c., 4to. Rome, 1652. The author of the Discep-:taken from Flavius Josephus, who is once or twice tatio refers to a defence of the Quinqiue Capitula
-cited by name; and' Cave suspects that the work Concilii Florentini, which he had pieviously written,
Iwas originally anonymous, and that the name of and which is not known to have been published
Josephus indicated, not the author's name, but the but'Oudin suspects it is the' Apologia pro quinque'source from which he borrowed his statements; Capitibus Concilii Florentini, commonly ascribed to
but that being mistaken for the author's name, he Georgius Scholaius, or Gennadius, of Constanti-'received the designation of Christianus, -by way of:nople. [GENNADus, Ne. 2.] We may here add,
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