A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

608 -JOSEPHUS. JOSEPIHUS.
the Goths, or Getae, as he calls them, in twelve representatives of the French and English churches
volumes, by the " Senator" (Cassiodorus), to which for the eminence of their respective establishments.
he added several things which he had read in the Some writers, for instance Bale, have ascribed
Roman and Greek writers, and he also drew up the to Joseph of Arimathea Epistolae quaedam ad
conclusion and the commencement, as well as many Ecclesias Britannorumn; but there is great doubt
episodes, according to his own knowledge or taste. whether any such writings ever existed, and still
It would be unjust to charge Jornandes with pure greater doubt as to their genuineness. (Fabric.
inventions; his fault is credulity and want of judg- Bibl. Gr. vol. v. p. 59; Cod. Apocryph. Novi Test.
ment; and none of his statements ought to be re- Pars iii. p. 506; Ittigius, Bibliotih. Patrum Aposjected without a previous careful examination. This tol. Dissertat. c. 13.)
remark refers, among other examples, to his account 3. BRYENNIUS. [BRYENNIUS.]
of the second invasion of Gaul by Attila, for which 4. CHRISTIANUS. [See No. 12.]
he is the only authority. In spite of so many de- 5. CONFESSOR. [STUDITA.]
fects, the history of the Goths by Jornandes is a 6. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, 1. [GENESIUS.]
very interesting work, and whatever may have 7. Of CONSTANTINOPLE, 2. Joseph, who prebeen said against him by modern historians, they viously held the archbishopric of Ephesus, was
show by the numerous quotations of his name that elected, A. D. 1416, patriarch of Constantinople,
they owe a great deal of information to him. Some writers have placed his appointment to the
The second work of Jornandes is entitled De patriarchate A. D. 1424; but the date given above
Re gorum ac Temporum S$ ccessione, being a short on the authority of Sylvester Sguropulus, or
compendium of the most remarkable events from Syropulus (Hist. Concil. Florent. ix. 16), is, we
the creation down to the victory obtained by Nar- believe, more correct. The emperor Joannes Pases, in 552, over king Theodatus. It is only va- laeologus II. was extremely anxious, for political
luable for some accounts of several barbarous na- reasons, to promote the union of the Greek and
tions of the north, and the countries which they Latin churches: the patriarch did not oppose this,
inhabited. but contended for holding the council at ConstantiEditions, nearly all of which comprehend both nople; but after a time the emperor prevailed on
the works:-Editio princeps, with Paulus Diaco- him to alter his determination, and to send legates'
aus, by C. Peutinger, Augsburg, 1515, fol.; with to the council of Basel, A. D. 1434. (Acta Concil.
Procopius, by Beatus Rhenanus, Basel, 1531, fol.; Basil. Sessio xix.) The heads of the Greek
with Cassiodorus, by G. Fourrier, Paris, 1579, fol., church were, however, drawn over by the pope to
1583, and often, by B. Vulcanius, with Procopius embrace his part in the dispute with the council of
and some minor writers, Leyden, 1597, 8vo.; the Basel, and determined to attend the rival council of
same, reprinted in Scriptores Gots. et Longob. Kea., Ferrara, A. D. 1438, afterwards transferred to
Leyden, 1617, 8vo., and in Hugo Grotius, Hris!. Florence. The patriarch Joseph attended this
Goth. Vand. et Longob., Amsterdam, 1655, 1676, council; and though he vainly attempted, by
8vo., by Gruter, in Hist. Auzg. Script. Lat. 1Iin., various devices, to avoid recognising the precedence
Hanover, 1611, fol.; by Lindenbrog, with Isidorus of the pope, he showed himself a warm supporter of
and Paulus Diaconus, Hamburg, 1611, 4to.; by the proposed union, urging upon his companions
Garet, with Cassiodorus, Paris, 1679, fol., reprinted and attendants the necessity of conciliating the
Venice, 1729, fol.; the same, revised by Muratori, Latins. Towards the close of the council he fell
in vol. i. part i. of his Script. Rer. Ital.: these are ill, and during his illness was induced to subscribe
the two best editions. There are several others, the dogmas of the Latin church in the points in
but we still want a good critical edition. There is dispute, partly, according to Sguropulus, by the bad
a bad French translation by Drouet de Maupertuy, faith of Bessarion, who having, at Joseph's request,
and a better one in Swedish, by J. T. Peringskirld, read to him the judgments of the fathers on these
Stockholm, 1719, 4to. Swedish scholars, especially points, made various omissions and alterations, to
Peringskiold and Eric Benzelius, have' devoted suit his purpose. Joseph, however, appears to have
much time and labour to writing commentaries upon made up his mind to yield, and probably only reJornandes, which the reader ought to peruse with quired an excuse: he bitterly rebuked some Greek
nro less caution than the original. (Fabric. Bibl. prelates, who showed less pliability than himself.
51ed. et Iz2f. Latinit.; Bibl. Lat. vol. iii. p. 7; Voss. He died at Florence before the conclusion of the.
De Hist. Lat. lib. ii.) [W. P.] council, June 10. A. D. 1439. Joseph wrote EpisJOSE'PHUS ('Ie'i77ros or.'Ie'-riros). 1.. Of tola ad Conci/ium Basiliense and Bulla plumbea
ALEXANDRIA, archdeacon of Alexandria, attended mnissa Concilio Basiliensi, given in a Latin version
the council of Constantinople (reckoned to be the in the Concilia. His rvrp1, Sententia, delivered
eighth oecumenical council by the Latin church) at the Council of Florence, and his TeAsvuzaa
held by order of the emperor Basil the Macedonian'yvwcln, Extrema Sententia, written the night of his
(A. D. 869), as vicarius of the absent patriarch of death, are also given in Greek and Latin in the
Alexandria, Michael. A Latin version of a written Concilia. (Vols. xii. col. 545, 571, xiii. col. 482,
address presented by Josephus at the council is 494, ed. Labbe; vols. viii. col. 1189, 1215, ix.
given in the Concilia. (Vol. viii col. 1114, ed. 393,405, ed. Hardouin; vols. xxix. 97, 126, xxxi.
Labbe; vol. v. col. 887, ed. Hardouin; vol. xvi. 994, 1008, ed. Mansi.) And one or two of his
col. 148, ed. Mansi; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. v. p. speeches are given by Sguropulus. (Concilia, vol.
59; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. ii. p. 55, ed. Oxford, cit.; Sguropulus, Historia Concil. Florentini, pas17402-1742.) sign; Cave, IDist. Litt. vol. ii. Appendix, p. 118;
2. Of ARIMATHEA. There is an ancient tradi- Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. p. 479.)
tion that Joseph of Arimathea was sent by the 8. FLAVIUS. [See below.]
apostle Philip to preach the gospel in Britain; and 9. GENESIUS. [GENESIUS-]
this tradition was gravely urged at the council of 10. GORIONIDES, or JOSEPH BEN GORION, or
Constance, A. D. 1414, in a dispute between the JosIPPoN. The Jewish historian, Flavius Jose