A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

IOLA US. ION. 605
IOD)AMEIA ('loeafELa), a priestessT of Athena I'OLE ('IdX1), the last beloved of IIeracles, and
Itonia, who once, as she entered the sanctuary of a daughter of Eurytus of Oechalia. [HcRACLUS.]
the goddess by night, was changed into a block of According to some writers, she was a half-sister of
stone on seeing the head of Medusa, which was Dryope. (Anton. Lib. 32; Ov. Met. ix. 325,
worked in the garment of Athena. In commemo- &c.) [L. S.]
ration of this event, a fire was every day kindled IOLLAS or TOLAUS ('I'Aas or'IoAAas), son
on the altar of Iodameia by a woman amid the of Antipater, and brother of Cassander, king of
exclamation, " Iodameia lives and demands fire!" Macedonia. He was one of the royal youths who,
(Paus. ix. 34. ~ 1.) [L. S.] according to the Macedonian custom, held offices
JOEL ('Iwjaos), a Byzantine historian, lived about the king's person, and was cup-bearer to
at the end of the 12th, and in the beginning of the Alexander at the period of his last illness. Those
13th century, and wrote XpovoypadcpLa e' rvvd4Iet, writers who adopt the idea of the king having
being a short narrative of the most memorable been poisoned, represent Iollas as the person ewho
events of history, especially Byzantine. The work actually administered the fatal draught, at the
begins with Adam, and finishes with the death of banquet given to Alexander by Medius, who, acthe emperor Alexis Ducas Murzuphlus, and the cording to this story, was an intimate friend of
conquest of Constantinople by the Latins, in 1204. Iollas, and had been induced by him to take part
From the lamentations with which he ends his in the plot. (Arrian, Anab. vii. 27; Plut. Alex.
history, one might conclude that he witnessed the 77; Curt. x. 10. ~ 14; Justin. xii. 14; Vitruv.
capture of the Greek capital. The whole work is viii. 3. ~ 16.) It is unnecessary to point out the
of little importance, though the latter part of it absurdity and inconsistency of this tale. (See
is of some value for Byzantine history. The Stahr's Aristotelia vol. i. p. 136, &c.; and Blakesfirst edition was published by Leo Allatius, with ley's Life of Ar-istotle, p. 85, &c.) Plutarch himnotes and a Latin translation, Paris, 1651, fol., self tells us expressly that it was never heard of
together with Georgius Acropolita, The second until six years afterwards, when Olympias availed
edition, in the Venice collection of the Byzantines, herself of this pretext as an excuse for the cruelties
and the third by Immanuel Bekker, together with she exercised upon the friends and adherents of
Acropolita and Constantine Manasses, Bonn, 1837, Antipater. Iollas was then dead, but she caused
8vo., are reprints of the Paris edition. (Fabric. his grave to be opened, and desecrated with every'
Bibl. Grace. vol. vii. p. 773; Cave, Hist. Lit. vol. mark of indignity. (Plut. Alex. 77; Diod. xix. 11.)
ii. p. 281.) [W. P.] The period or occasion of his death is nowhere
IOLA'US ('IoXaeos), a son of Iphicles and Au- mentioned: the last we hear of him is in B. C. 322,
tomedusa, and consequently a relation of Heracles, when he accompanied his sister Nicaea to Asia,
whose faithful charioteer and companion he was. where she was married to Perdiccas. (Arrian, ap.
[HERACLES.] He is especially celebrated for his Plot. p. 70, a, ed. Bekk.) The story of Hyperides
attachment to the descendants of the hero, even having proposed the voting a reward to Iollas as
after his death, for he is said to have come to their the murderer of Alexander ( Vit. X. O'ratt. p. 849),
assistance from the lower world; for when Eurys- which is in direct contradiction to the statement of
theus demanded of the Athenians the surrender of Plutarch already cited, is unquestionably a. mere
the children of Heracles, who had been kindly re- invention of later times. (See Droysen, Hellenism.
ceived there, Iolaus, who was already dead, begged vol. i. p. 705.) [E. H. B.]
of the gods of the lower world permission to re- IOLLAS, IOLAUS, or IOLAS ('IeAhase,
turn to life, to assist the children of his master.'IAeaoe, or'IAXas), a writer on materia medica, born
The request being granted, he returned to the in Bithynia, who was probably a contemporary of
upper world, slew Eurystheus, and then went to Heracleides of Tarentum, or a little anterior to him,
rest again. (Pind. Pyth. ix. 137; Eurip. Hera- in the third century B. c.,as he is mentioned in comclidae.) After Heracles had instituted the Olym- pany with him by Dioscorides. (De Mat. iMed. i.
pian games, Iolaus won the victory with the horses Praef. vol. i. p. 2.) He is mentioned also by Celsus
of his master, and Heracles sent him to Sardinia (De Medic. v. 22, p. 93), Pliny (ii. N. xx. 73, 76),
at the head of his sons whom he had by the Galen (De Antid. i. 2, vol. xiv. p. 7), St. Epiphadaughters of Thespius. He there took from the nius (Adv. Haeres. i. 1. 3. p. 3.), and the scholiast'
savage inhabitants the finest portions of their on Nicander (Ther. v. 683), but nothing is known
country, civilised them, and was afterwards ho- of the events of his life, nor are any of his writings:
noured by them with divine worship. From Sar- preserved. [W. A. G.]
dinia he went to Sicily, and then returned to He- ION ("Iaov), the fabulous ancestor of the Ionians,'
racles shortly before the death of the latter. After is described as a son of Apollo by Creusa, the
the burning of Heracles, when his remains could daughter of Erechtheus and wife of- Xuthus.
not be discovered, Iolaus was the first that offered (Apollod. i. 7. ~ 3; CREUSA.) The most celesacrifices to him as a demigod. (Paus. v. 29; brated story about him is that which forms the
Diod. iv. 29, 30, 40.) According to Pausanias subject of the Ion of Euripides. Apollo had
(ix. 23), lIolaus died in Sardinia, whereas, accord- visited Creusa in a cave below the Propylaea,
ing to Pindar (01. ix. 149, Pythl. ix. 137; Hygin. and when she gave birth to a son, she exposed him
Fab. 103; Apollod. ii. 4. ~ 11, 5. ~ 2, 6. ~ 1), he in the same cave. The god, however, had the child
was buried in the tomb of his grandfather, Amphi- conveyed to Delphi, and there had him educated
tryon, and was worshipped as a hero. His de- by a priestess. When the boy had grown, and
scendants in Sardinia were called'Iohaes (Strab. Xuthus and Creusa came to consult the oracle about
v. p. 225) and Iolaenses, and in the time of Pausa- the means of obtaining an heir, the answer was,
nias (x. 17. ~ 4),' a town Iola'a still existed in that the first human being which Xuthus met'on
Sardinia, where Iolaus was worshipped as a leaving the temple should be his son. Xuthus met
hero;. [L. S.] Ion, and recognised him as his son; but Creusa,
IOLAUS. [CLAUDIUS JULIUS, p. 778, a.] imagining him to be a son of her husband by a