A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

JOANNES. JOANNES. 60i
93. Of NICAEA (2). [See No. 21.] 103. PROTOSPATHARIUS, a writer of uncertain
94. Of NICOMEDEIA. Joannes, presbyter of the date, wrote for the use of his son'E~?4ylplrs qvchurch of Nicomedeia in Bithynia, in the time of I Krt) rcv Weyeps'HoLdov, a brief commentary on
Constantine the Great, wrote MapTrlpLov roO d'tov the Opera et Dies of Hesiod. We are not aware
BaclrAoews.rno7rov'Azuatelas, Acta Martyrii S. that it has been published. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol.
*Basilei Episcopi.Amasiae,: which is given in the i. p. 576.]
Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists, Aprilis, vol. iii.; 104. RAITHUENSIS, or RAITHENUS, i. e. of RAIthe Latin version in the body of the work (p. 417), THUS or RAITHU (TreO'Pai0o6), hegumenos or abbot
with a preliminary notice, by Henschen, and the of a monastery at Elim, or the Seventy Springs, on
Greek -original in the Appendix (p. 50). An ex- the western coast of the peninsula of Mount Sinai,
tract from the Latin version, containing the history lived in the sixth century, and was the friend of
of the female saint Glaphyra, had been given pre- Joannes, surnamed Climacus. [CLIMACUS.] It
viously in the same work. (Januar. vol. i. p. 771.) was at the desire of Raithuensis that Climacus
The Latin version of the Acta Martyrii S. Basilei wrote the work KhAicaS, Scala Paradisi, from which
had been already published by Aloysius Lippo- he derives his name, and to which Raithuensis
mani (Vitae Sanctor. Patrum, vol. vii.) and by wrote a Commendatio and Scholia. The'Eino'roh)
Surius. (De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis, a. d. 26 Toov ciyiov'Iwcav'ov Tore iy'ovie4ov erov'Pa't0o,
Aprilis.) Basileus was put to death about the Litterae Joannis Raithuensis, addressed to Climacus,
close of the reign of Licinius, A. D. 322 or 323; and requesting him to undertake the work, and the
Joannes, who was then at Nicomedeia, professes to answer of Climacus, are given by Raderus in the
have conversed with him in prison. Cave thinks original Greek, with a Latin version, in his edition
that the Acta have been interpolated apparently by of the works of Climacus, fol. Paris, 1633. This
Metaphrastes. (Acta Sanctorum,- 11. cc.; Cave, version of the Litterae of Raithuensis, and a'Latin
Iist. Litt; vol. i. p. 185.): version of his Commendatio and Scholia, are given
95. OBEDIENTIAE FILIUS. [See No. 28.] in various editions of the Bibliotheca Patrum; the
96. PEDIASIMsUS. [See No. 61.] Litterae in vol. iii. ed. Paris, 1575; the Litterae
97. Of PHILADELPHIA. [See No. 79.] and Commendatio, vol. v. ed. Paris, 1] 589 and 1654;
98. PHILOPONUS. [PHILOPONUS.]' the Litterae s. Epistola, Commendatio, and Schlolia,
99. PHILOSOPHORUM HYPATUS V. MAGISTER. in vol. vi. pt. ii. ed. Cologne, 1618; and vol. x.
[See Nos. 61 and 78.] ed. Lyon, 1677. (Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. ix. pp.
100. PHOCAs (IOKacis), a Cretan monk, son of 523-524; Ittigius, De Bibliothecis Patrumz.)
Matthaeus, who became a monk in Patmos. Jo- 105. RHETOR ('PoTWPp), an historian of the earlier
annes had served in the army of the emperor Byzantine period, frequently cited by Evagrius.
Manuel Comnenus (who reigned A. D. 1143- (H.E. i. 16, ii. 12, iii. 10, 28, iv. 5.) As most, if not
1180) in Asia Minor. He married, and had a son, all, of the particulars for which Evagrius refers to
by whom his work was transcribed; and after- him relate to Antioch, and some of them imply
wards became a monk and priest, and visited considerable local knowledge, it is probable that
(.D. 1185) Syria and Palestine, of which he wrote Joannes was a resident in that town, if not a native
a short geographical account, entitled "EKcpaes Ev of it. His history, which is not extant, comprised the
V'4vJ.EL sy a&r''Av'rloXEaes ye'Xp1s'Iepo`oAkhuwov period from the beginning ofthe reign of Theodosius
Kacdoerp Kaa Xwopwv:vpfas Kal'o'VwKris Kal Trvn II. to the earthquake and fire by which Antioch
va'ld IaAaetoTYviv. dyiv T'4rw', Cownpendiaria was in a great degree destroyed, A. D. 526, with an
Descriptio Castrorozm et Urbium (sic in Allat. vers.) account of which calamities John'"mournfully'"
ab Urbe Antiochia usque Hierosolynam; aecnon closed his history. He must have lived, therefore,
Syriae ac Phoenieiae, et in Palestina Sacrorum about that time, or between that and the time of.Locorum. The work was published by Allatins, Evagrius, A. D. 593 or 594. [EVAGRIUS, No. 3.]
with a Latin version, in his:uVt.uc'ra, vol. i. pp. 1 Joannes Rhetor is not to be confounded with
-46. The Latin version is also given in the Joannes of Epiphaneia [see No. 56], as he has
Acta Sanctorum of the Bollandists, Mail, vol. ii. been by Vossius. (Evagrius, 11. cc., with the notes
ad init. (Allatius, VALIIcA'Ta, Praefatiuncula; of Valesius; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 508.)
Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. iv. p. 662, vol. viii. p. 99.) 106. Of ST. SAB.. There is extant in the
101. PHURNES (,ovpyjs), a monk of the mo- various European libraries a religious romance, or,
nastery of Mount Ganus in the reign of the em- as some have regarded it, a history,'O Bios Bapperor Alexis Comnenus. -He was an opponent of Aaty ca'Icwaao(p, Barlaami et Joasaphi Vita, as
the Latin church, and wrote an'A7roAoyfa, De- yet unpublished, except in versions, especially in
fensio, or AldAEtLs, Disceptatio, a discussion with an ancient Latin version, De Barlaaws et Josaphat
Peter, archbishop of Milan, in the presence of the Historia, to which, in the printed editions, the name
emperor. If this is the work which Joannes Veccus of Georgius Trapezuntius is often prefixed, but
cites and replies to in his De Unione Ecclesiarum which is much more ancient than the time in which
Oratio (apud Allatium, Graecia Orthodoxa, vol. i. he lived [GEORGIUS, No. 48], and is ascribed by
p. 179, &c.), it appears that the form of a dialogue some to-Anastasius Bibliothecarius, a writer of the
was merely assumed for convenience sake, and that 8th century.'Ihe work professes to contain the
it was not the record of a real conference. Accord- account of the conversion of Joasaph or Josaphat,
ing to Fabricius, Allatius published in his work De son of Abenner, an idolatrous and sensual Indian
Consensu (sc. De Ecclesiae Occidentalis et Orientalis ki)g, and a persecutor of the Christian monks of
Perpetua Consensione), p. 1153, a work of Joannes, India., because they had induced some of his nobles
which is described as Epistola de Ritibus immnzutatis to forsake a luxurious life, and become solitaries.
in Sacra Communione. Other works of Joannes Joasaph, a youth pursuing his studies, was converted
are extant in MS. (Allatius, Graec. Orthodox. by Barlaam, a Christian, with whom he met, and
l. c.; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xi. pp. 648, 650.) whose various instructions to him are given at con~ 102. PLUSlADENUS. LJOSEPHUs, No. 13.]'siderable length.. Suspicion arising from their