A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

JOANNES. JOANNES. 597
adjacent'one of Eleutheropolis. This irregular pro- vol. x. p. 87,'&c.; Le Quien, Orienis Cisristiainus, vol.
ceeding either roused Joannes, or served him as a iii. col. 161.)
pretext for anger, and he exclaimed against Epi- ~Joannes wrote, according to Gennadius (De Firis
phanius, and resorted to severe measures for quelling Illusir. c. 30), - Adversus Obtrectatores sui Studii
the contumacious spirit of the monks of Bethlehem; Liber, in which he showed that he rather admired
and even endeavoured to procure the banishment the ability than followed the opinion of Origen.
of Jerome. His opponents, however, were not to Fabricius and Ceillier think, and with apparent
be daunted; Epiphanius wrote a letter to Joannes reason, that this work, which is lost, was the
(about A. D. 394), which Jerome translated into apologetic letter addressed by Joannes to TheoLatin, affirming that the real cause of the differ- philus of Alexandria. No other work of Joannes
ence was the leaning of Joannes to Origenism, is noticed by the ancients: but in the seventeenth
justifying the ordination of Paulinian, and solemnly century two huge volumes appeared, entitled,
warning Joannes against that heresy. The letter Joannis Nrepotis Sylvani, Hierosolym. Episcopi
appears among the Epistolae of Jerome (No. 60 XLIV. Opera omnia quae kactenus incognita, rein the-older editions, No. 110 in the edit. of Mar- periri potuerunt: in nnum collecta, suoqeue Auctianay, No. 51 in the edition of Vallarsi). J('annes tori et Auctoritati tribus Vindiciarun libris assetca,
did not reply to Epiphanius, but addressed an per A. R. P. Petrum Wastelium, fol. Brussels,
apologetic letter to Theophilus, patriarch of Alex- 1643. The Vindiciae occupied the second volume.
andria; who, with considerable difficulty, effected a The works profess to be translated from the Greek,
reconciliation between Joannes and Jerome, perhaps and are as follows:
about A. D. 400. Rufinus had in this quarrel been 1. Liber de Institutione primorunt Monachorum,
the supporter of Joannes, who afterwards requited in Lege Veteri exortorum et in Nova perseverantium,
his services by writing to Pope Anastasius in his ad Caprasium Monachum. Interprete Aymerico
behalf, when Rufinus, then in Italy, was accused Patriarcha Antiocheno. This work is mentioned
of heresy. The reply of Anastasius is given in the by Trithemius (apud Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. x. p.526)
Concilia (vol. ii. col. 1194, ed. Labbe, vol. iii. col. as " Volumen insigne de principio et profectu or943, ed. Mansi). dinis Carmelitici," and is ascribed by him to a
Whether Joannes really cherished opinions at later Joannes, patriarch of Jerusalem in the eighth
variance with the orthodoxy of that time, or only century. It is contained in several editions of the
exercised toward those who held them a forbearance Bibliotheca Patrum (in which work indeed it seems
and liberality which drew suspicion on himself; to have been first published, vol. ix. Paris, fol.
he was again involved in squabbles with the sup- 1589), and in the works of Thomas a Jesu, the
porters of orthodox views. He was charged with Carmelite (vol. i. p. 416, &c. fol. Colon. 1684). Its
favouring Pelagius, who was then in Palestine, and origin has been repeatedly discussed; and it is
who was accused of heresy in the councils of Jerusa- generally admitted, except by the Carmelites, to
lem and Diospolis (A. D. 415), but was in the latter be the production of a Latin writer, and of much
council acquitted of the charge, and restored to the later date than our Joannes. 2. In stratayemata
communion of the church. The followers of Pelagius Beati Jobi Libri III., a commentary on the first
are represented as acting with great violence against three chapters of the book of Job, often printed in
Jerome. Jerome applied for the support and coun- Latin among the works of Origen, but supposed to
tenance of Pope Innocent I. (A. D. 402-417), who belong neither to him nor to Joannes. 3. In S.
accordingly wrote to Joannes (Innocentii Epistol. Matthaeum, an imperfect commentary on the Gospel
3, apud Labbe, Concilia, vol. ii. col. 1316; Mansi, of Matthew, usually printed under the title of Opus
Conci. vol. iii. col. 1125), with whom Augustin inzperfectum in Mlatthaeuan, among the works of
also remonstrated (Epistola, 252, ed. vett., 179, ed. Chrysostom, in the Latin or Graeco-Latin editions
Caillau, Paris, 1842) on the favour which he showed of that father; but supposed to be the work of
to Pelagius. Augustin's letter is, however, re- some Arian or Anomoean, about the end of the
spectful and courteous, and he has elsewhere re- sixth, or in the seventh century. 4. Fragmenta ea
cognised Joannes as connected with himself in Commentario ad prima Ccapita XI. S. Marci, cited
the unity of the faith (Contra Litt. Petilliani, by Thomas Aquinas (Catena Aurea ad Evang.) as
ii. 117). In the struggle of Joannes of Con- a work of Chrysostom. 5. Fragmenta em Comstantinople, better kuown as Chrysostom, against mentario in Lucamn, extant under the name of
his enemies, Joannes of Jerusalem had taken his Chrysostom, partly in the editions of his works,
part, and Chrysostom in his exile (A. D. 404) ac- partly in the Latin version of a Greek Catena
knowledged his kindness in a letter still extant in Lucant published by Corderius, fol. Antwerp,
(Chrysostom, Epist. 88, Opera, vol. iii. p. 640, 1628; and partly in the Catena Aurea of Thomas
ed. Bened. ima. p. 771, ed. 2da. Paris, 1838). Aquinas. 6. Honiliae LXIII., almost all of them
Joannes died A. D. 416 or 417. (Hieronymus, among those published in the works of Chrysos-.Epistolae, 60, 61, 62. ed. Vet. 39, 110, ed. tom. There is no good reason for ascribing any of
Benedictin. 51, 82, and Liber Contra Joan. these works to Joannes; nor are they, in fact,
lerosolymit. ed. Vallarsi, to which the references ascribed to him, except by the Carmelites. (Fabric.
in the course of the article have been made; Chry- Bibl. Gr. vol. ix. p. 299, vol. x. p. 525, &c.;
sostom. Augustin. ll. occ.; Socrates, H.E. v. 15; Sozo- Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 281, &c.; Dupin, Nonmen. H. E. vii. 14; Tillemont, Mlnmoires, vol. xii. velle Bibliothekiqe des Auteurs.Eccesiastiques, vol.
passim; Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 281; Fleury, His- iii. p. 87, ed. Paris, 1690.)
toiire Ecclcsiastiqe, vol. iv. p. 634. &c.,vol.v. p. 126, 73. Of JERTJSALEM (2). A synodical letter of
414, &c. 447; Baronius,Annales, ad ann. 386, lxvi.; Joannes, who was patriarch of Jerusalem early in.391, xlv.; 392, xlii.-xlvii.; 393, ii.-xxi.;. 399, the sixth century, and his suffragan bishops assem.
xxxviii.; 402, xxvi.-xxx.; 415, xix.-xxiv.; 416, bled in a council at Jerusalem A. D. 517 or 518, to
xxxi. xxxii. xxxv.; Pagi, Critice in Baron. An- Joannes of Constantinople [JOANNES CAPPADOx
nales, ann. 416, xxxv.;, Ceillier, Auteurs Sacres, I. No. 27], is given in the Concilica (vol. v. col,
Q 3