A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

'JOANNES. JOANNES. 589'
mentioned by Allatils in his book De Synodo PAko- cc.; Bayle, Dictionnaire, s. v. Acciaioli (Donat.)
tiana, p. 542. 6. Monodia in obitum Imperatoris Aygyropyle.)
Joannis Palaeologi. 7. Comparatio veterum Im- 18. BARBUCALLUS. [BARBUCALLUS.]
peratorumocum hodierno, or Veterum Principum cem 19. S. BasIIII DISCIFULus, sive OBEDIENImperatore nunc regnante Comparatio. The title is TIAE FILIUS. [See No. 28.]
indefinite, but the comparison instituted in the 20. BEccus, or VEccvs. [VEccus.]
work is, according to some of our authorities, be- 21. BESSARION or BESSARIO, sometimes BESAtween the Greek emperors of Constantinople and RION, BISSARION, BISARION, or BIZARION (BIi7atheir Turkish successors. 8. Homilia de Imrpeq io, piv or Bloapawv, or BIoOapiouv), in Italian BESSARIad Constantinuze Palaeologum. 9. Solutiones Quaes- ONE. The first name of this eminent ecclesiastic has
tionumn quae proposuerant Philosophli et Medici qui- been the subject of dispute: he is commonly mendam ex Cypro insula. 10. Ad Papam Nicolaum V. tioned by the name Bessarion only: some have pre11. Poernata Graeca Ecclesiastica, by Argyro- fixed the name of Basilius, others (as Panzer, An-.
pulus and others. A manuscript in the Bodleian nales Typog. Indices) that of Nicolaus; but it has
library (Cod. Barocc. zlxxvii., according to the been shown by Bandini (Commentarius de Viia BesCatalog. MStorum Angliae et Hiberniae), contains sarionis, c. 2) upon the authority of the cardinal himPorphyrii Isagoge cum scholiis marginalibus forte self, thathis name was Joannes orJohn. He was born:
Jo. Argyropuli, et Aristotelis Oryanon cumr sclholiis at Trapezus, or Trebizond, A. D. 1395, whether of
forte per eundenz. It has an effigy of Argyropulus an obscure or noble, or even royal family, is much
in his study, which is engraved in Hody's work disputed. He studied at Constantinople, and atcited below. Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. vol. iii. p. 479) tended the school of Georgius Chrysococces [CHRYspeaks of his Expositiones in Aristotelis Et/lica, sococcEs], and had for his fellow-student Francesco
Physica, Lib. de Anima et Mechanica; and distin- Filelfo (Franciscus Philelphus), as appears from a
guishes them from the work published by Accia- letter of Filelfo dated x. Cal. Feb. 1448. (Phileljuoli, with which we should otherwise have supposed phus, Epistolae, lib. vi. fol. 84, ed. Basil. 1506.)
the Expositiones in Ethica to be identical. Harless, Having embraced a monastic life in the order of St.
in a note to Fabricius (Bibl. Gr. vol. vi. p. 131), Basil, he turned his attention from poetry and oraspeaks of his Prolegg. in Propqymnasm. as contained tory, in which he had already become eminent, to
in a MS. at Heidelberg. theology, which he studied under two of the most
The Latin versions of Argyropulus are chiefly of learned metropolitans of the Greek church. He
the works (genuine or reputed) of Aristotle. 1. also studied the Platonic philosophy under Geor_Etlica Niconzachea, Libri X. There is reason to gins Pletho or Gemistus [GEMISTUS], for whom he
think that this was printed at Florence about A. D. ever retained the greatest reverence, and under
1478, in which year the Conmmentarii taken down whom he became a zealous Platonist. To study
by Acciajuoli were printed: it was certainly printed under Gemistus he withdrew (apparently about
at Rome A.D. 1492, and in the Latin edition of A. D. 1416 or 1417) into the Morea, and remained
the works of Aristotle published by Gregorius de 21 years in a monastery there, except when enGregoriis, 2 vols. fol. Venice, 1496. This edition gaged in diplomatic missions for the emperors of
contained versions of the following works of Aris- Constantinople and Trebizond.
totle by Argyropulus: —2. Categoriae s. Praedica- Bessarion was an advocate for the proposed:
menta. 3. Physica s. Acroases Physicae s. De union of the two churches, the Latin and the'
Naturali Auscultatione, Libri VIII. 4. De Coelo Greek, and was one of those who urged upon the)
et 3Mundo, Libri I[V 5. De Anima, LibrIII. 6. emperor Joannes Palaeologus the convocation of the:
Metzphysica, Libri XII. The thirteenth and four- general council for the purpose, which met A. D.
teenth books were not translated by him. 7. De 1438 at Ferrara, and from thence adjourned to
Interpretatione. 8. Analytica Priora. 9. Analytica Florence. He had, just before the meeting of the:
Posteriora, Libri 1I. 10. Epistole ad Alexandrum council, been appointed archbishop of Nicaea, and..
"in qua de libris ad methodum civilium sermonum appeared as one of the managers of the conference
spectantibus disseritur." Some of our authorities on the side of the Greeks, Mark, archbishop of
speak of the following works as having been trans- Ephesus [EUGENICUS MARCUs], being the other.
lated by him, but we have not been able to trace He at first advocated, on the points of difference:
them in print:-11. Politica, Libri VII.; and 12. between the two churches, the opinions generally,
Oeconomica, Libri II. These two works are said entertained by the Greeks, but was soon converted:
to have been published in 8vo. Venice, a. D. 1506, to the Latin side, either from honest conviction, as,
but we doubt the correctness of the statement. he himself affirmed, or, as his enemies intimated, in:
13. De Mundo. 14. Mechanica Problemata. Some the hope of receiving honlours and emoluments froln
of his translations are reprinted in the volume of the pope. He was possibly influenced by a feeling,
Latin versions which forms a sequel to Bekker's of jealousy against Mark of Ephesus, his coadjutor.
edition of Aristotle. Phranza asserts (ii. 17) that on the death of Joseph,
He also translated the Praedicabilia orDe quinque patriarch of Constantinople [JOSEPHUS,- No. 7],.
Vocibus: of Porphyry, and the Homiliae S. Basilii during the sitting of the council, the emperor Joanin Hexae'meron. His version of Porphyry was nes Palaeologus and the council elected Bessarion,
printed with his translations of Aristotle at Venice to succeed him; but Bessarion probably thought that
in 1496, and that of Basil at Rome A. D. 1515.. his Latinist predilections, however acceptable to the
(Hody, de Graecis Illustribus, pp. 187-210; emperor, would not recommend him to his countryBoerner, de Doctis Hominibus Graecis; Roscoe, men in general, and declined the appointment. Hee
Life of Lorenzo de' Medici, 4th edition, vol. i. pp. did not, however, remain in Italy, as Phranza
61,101, vol. ii. pp. 107-110; Wharton apud Cave, incorrectly states, but returned to Constantinople
)Hist. Litt. vol. ii., Appendix, p. 168; Fabric. Bibl. soon after the breaking up of the council. He was,
(;raec. vol. iii. p. 496, &c., vol. xi. p. 460, &c.; Fac- however, almost immediately induced to return to
ciolati, Tiraboschi, Nic. Comnenus Papadopoli, 11. Italy by the intelligence that the pope had con