A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

:~8'85g6 3JOANNES.:'JOANNES.
-(Sozomen. H. 1E. vii. 22; Theodoret. H. E..'nacious, succeeded in bringing over the other Eastern
24.) bishops to do the same in provincial councils held
6. -Of ALEXANDRIA. [See No. 115.] at Antioch (A. D. 432), Anazarbus (A. D. 433),
7. ANAGNOSTES (1). [See No. 3.] and Tarsus (A.D, 434). The unhappy Nestorius
8. ANAGNOSTES (2). [ANAGNOSTES.] was banished to the Egyptian Oasis, and it is said
9. ANTIOCHENUS, or of ANTIOCH (1). Patriarch (Evagr. H. E. i. 7) to have been at John's insti-of that city in the first half of the fifth century. gation that the emperor made his banishment per-'Cave, we know not on what authority, describes petual; which statement, if true, shows that either
him as having, early in life, studied in the monas- John had become exasperated against his former
tery of St. Euprepius, in the suburbs of Antioch, friend, or was anxious by the manifestation of zeal
where Nestorius and Theodoret were his fellow- to regain the lost favour of his opponents. In a
disciples. He succeeded Theodotus as patriarch of council held A. D. 438, John refused to condemn
Antioch A.D. 427 according to Cave, or 428 or 429 the writings and opinions of Theodore of Mopsu-'iaccording to Tillemont. In the then rising con- estia, and dictated, according to Liberatus, three
troversy between Cyril and Nestorius, John of letters in defence of him, one to Theodosius the
Antioch, with the Eastern bishops, were disposed emperor, one to Cyril of Alexandria, and one to;to favour Nestorius; and John induced Theodoret, Proclus, who had succeeded Nestorius in the see of
bishop of Cyrus, and Andreas of Samosata, to Constantinople. John died in A. D. 441 or 442.
charge with the Apollinarian heresy the twelve John of Antioch wrote, 1.'EnrLroAaS, Epistolae,
" capitula," condemnatory of the doctrines of Nes- and'Avaupopaf, Relationes, respecting the Nestorian
torius, which had been issued by a synod held at controversy and the council of Ephesus, of which
Alexandria A. D. 429, under the auspices of Cyril. several are contained in the various editions of the
When the council of Ephesus (the third general Concilia. 2.'O/uAzxa, Homilia, the homily or excouncil) was called (A. D. 431), John of Antioch hortation already referred to as delivered at Chalwas desirous of having no addition made to the cedon, just after the council of Ephesus; a fragment
confession of Nice, so that the doctrines of Nes- of which is contained in the Concilia. 3. ITIep
torius might not be condemned; but as John was TvCV MeoaakLavniT6, De Messalianis, a letter adlong on the road, he did not reach Ephesus till five dressed to Nestorius, and enumerated by Photius
days after the commencement of the council, when (Bibl. cod. 32) among the episcopal and synodical
he found that the vehement Cyril had already pro- papers against that heretical body, contained in the
~ cured the condemnation of Nestorius, and his de- history or acta of the council of Side, held A. D.
position from the patriarchal see of Constantinople. 383. 4. Contra eos qui una tanturn substantia asseWith more zeal than discretion, John assembled runt adoranduml Clhristurn. We have no account
the prelates of his partyat his own lodging, and with of the work except from Gennadius, and cannot
them issued a retaliatory anathema and deposition give the title in Greek. It is probably from this
against Cyril, for the heretical views embodied in work that the passages are cited which are given
his "capitula," and against Memnon, bishop of by Eulogius (Phot. Bibl. cod. 230, p. 269, ed.
Ephesus, for supporting Cyril. John also (accord- Bekker). Theodoret dedicated his commentary on
ing to Cave, who does not cite his authority) took the Song of Solomon to John of Antioch. Gennadius
an oath never to be reconciled to Cyril, even if speaks of John's power of extemporaneous speakCyril should consent to the condemnation of his ing (" dicitur extempore declamare ") as something.own " capitula." The council being over, John worthy of notice. (Socrates, H.E. vii. 34; Eva-.hastened to the emperor Theodosius the younger, grius, H. E. i. 3-7; Gennadius, de Viris Illusto engage him in his cause, and at Chalcedon de- tribus, c. 93; Liberatus Diaconus, Breviarium, c. 5
livered an exhortation to the people of Constanti- -8, apud Galland. Bibl. Patrum, vol. xii.; Theonople who resorted to hear him, animating them phanes, CkironograpAia, pp. 73-82, ed. Paris, pp.
to continue steadfast in adhering to the old con- 58-66, ed. Venice, pp. 131-148, ed. Bonn.;
*fession of Nice. He then hastened homeward, and Cave, Hist. Litt. vol. i. p. 412; Tillemont, M1-.assembling councils of the prelates of his patriarchate moires, vol. xiv.; Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. x. p. 349,
at Tarsus (A. D. 431) and Antioch (A. D. 431 or vol. xii. p. 392; Mansi, Concilia, vols. iv. v.,432), repeated the declaration of the deposition of passim.)
~Cyril.. The emperor, however, supported the de- 10. ANTIOCHENUS (2). On the deposition of
cision of the council of Ephesus; and Nestorius did Petrus Gnapheus or Fullo (the Fuller) from the:not recover his see, though he was allowed to re- patriarchate of Antioch, A. D. 477, the vacant see.side in the monastery of St. Euprepius, where he was occupied by Joannes, surnamed Codonatus
-was treated with kindness and respect. Theodosius (Kwawvcdros), who had been previously bishop of
-was anxious to heal the schism, and his inter- Apameia: but after holding the patriarchate three
-position (and, according to Liberatus, his threats months, he was deposed by a synod of Eastern:of exile in case of contumacy) softened the stub- bishops, and succeeded by Stephen. Theophanes
bornness of John, and some explanation by Cyril of incorrectly places the appointment of Joannes after
his obnoxious " capitula" prepared the way for a Stephen's death. Both Joannes and his predecessor
reconciliation. After the schism had continued for Petrus had been, at the instigation of Acacius of
about a year, John accepted the conditions of an Constantinople, excommunicated by the pope; yet,
amicable arrangement offered by Cyril, and (A. D. after the deposition of Joalnes, the same Acacius
-432) sent Paul of Emesa, one of his bishops, to procured his elevation to the bishopric of Tyre.
-Alexandria to complete the arrangement. Cyril Theophanes incorrectly ascribes this last appoint-.received Paul with great respect, and pronounced ment to Calendion of Antioch. (Theophanes,
in public the highest eulogium on John. John now COhronog. p. 110, &c. ed. Paris, p. 88, &c. ed. Venice,
joined in the condemnation of Nestorius; and after p. 199, &c. ed. Bonn.; Valesius, Not. ad Evagrii
mriuch trouble and opposition, which he vanquished, H. E. iii. 15, and Observationes Eccles. ad Eva-,partly by persuasion, partly by deposing the perti- grium, ii. 8.)