A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

E68 IGNAT1US. IGNATIUS.
had refused'to admit him, notwithstanding his "to retire (oXoAd'eLv) until Ignatius should die,"
threats of deposition and violence. Provoked by indicates perhaps that the restoration of Ignatius
his excommunication, the Caesar forcibly expelled was the subject of an arrangement between the
Ignatius from the church, on a charge of being a competitors, a conjecture which is strengthened by
transgressor and corrupter (&volov ical 0poopea), and the fact that on the death of Ignatius, Photius was
caused Photius [PHOTIUS] to be elected patriarch again placed on the patriarchal throne. Ignatius
in his place~ (A.D. 858). The appointment, of died A.D. 877, or 878, or possibly 879, being
Photius is said by the biographer of Ignatius to nearly or quite 80 years old, and much reverenced
have been irregularly made by secular persons, for the holiness of his life. He was buried in the
but some bishops seem to have been on that side; monastery of Satyrus, which he had rebuilt not
and there appears to have been a council of eccle- very long before his decease. Some letters or other
siastics convened to make the change, in which the pieces of Ignatius are found among the Acta of the
metropolitans of the patriarchate acquiesced, on the eighth general council. (Nicetas Paphlago, Bios
understanding that Ignatius should be courteously To6 dyfov'Iya'tov, Vita S. Ignatii, apud Concilia
and reverently treated by his successful rival. The Binii, vol. iii.; Labbaei, vol. viii.; Harduini, vol.
senate of Constantinople gave their sanction to the v., and Mansi, vol. xvi.; Synodicon Vetus, apud
transaction, and even the legates of the Roman see, Fabric. Bibl. Gr. vol. xii. p. 417, &c.; Josephus
who were at Constantinople on account of the Ico- Genesius, Reges, pp. 3, 47-49, ed. Venet, pp. 7,
noclastic controversy, were induced to take the same 99-102, ed. Bonn; Theophanes Continuat. lib. i.
side. Photius is charged by the biographer of Ig- 10, iv. 30-32, v. 22, 32, 44; Symeon Magister,
natius with violating the engagement to treat his De Michaele. et Theodora, c. 12, 18, 19, 28;..de
deposed rival kindly: it is not improbable that he was Basilio Macedone, c. 6, 9, 14; Georgius Monachus,
urged on by his supporter, Gregory Asbestas; and Vitae Recentior. Imperatorurn; de Mich. et Theod.
Ignatius, by his firmness in asserting his claim to the c. 11, 20, de Basil. Maced. c. 5, 7, 16; Leo Gramsee, provoked his'enemies' to continue their harsh- maticus, Chronographia; Zonar. xv. 18, xvi. 4, 8;
ness.. The'severest measures were resorted to in Cedrenus, Compend.; Constantinus Manasses, Cornorder to obtain from him a declaration that he had pend. Chronic. vs. 4676, &c., 5114, &c., 5139,
voluntarily resigned the patriarchate. He was cruelly &c., 5253, &c., 5309, &c.; Joel, Caronog. p. 179,
beaten and stretched out naked in the midst of ed. Paris, p. 55, ed. Bonn; Michael Glycas, Annal.
winter in the tomb which had contained the body Pars iv. pp. 287-297, ed. Paris, 222-230, ed.
of the emperor Constantine V. Copronymus, and Venet., pp. 533-552, ed. Bonn; Baronius, Anwhich was foul with filth and ordure. He was tried nales, A. D. 847-878; Pagi, Critice in Bal-onium;
also with' hunger and thirst; and the only allevia- Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. vii. p. 45, x. p. 254.)
tion he could procure was from the kindness of 4. DIACONUS. [Of CONSTANTINOPLE, No. 2.]
Constantine the Armenian, an officer of the court, 5. GRAMMATICUS. [Of CONSTANTINOPLE,
who visited him by' stealth, in the absence of his No. 2.]
more savage keepers, and brought him bread and 6. ICONOMACHUS. An Ignatius, contemporary
wine and other necessaries. This severe treatment of Theodore Studita, who lived in the latter half of
brought on dysentery, from which he was near the eighth and the beginning of the ninth century,
dying. From this filthy place he was repeatedly wrote some acrostich verses against the use of
removed to other places of confinement, and so images in divine worship. These, with some
roughly treated, that two of his grinders were similar efforts of perverted ingenuity by other
knocked out. He was then banished to Mytilene, persons, are quoted, with a laboured confutation,
from whence he was brought back to Constanti- by Theodore, who'was a zealous champion of
nople, and solemnly deposed by a synod of metro- images. The structure of these pieces is singular:
politans and bishops at Constantinople (A. D. 858). each consists of but a few lines, of which the initial
His supporters among the clergy had meanwhile letters, taken consecutively, the medial letters, and
undergone great severities, and were dispersed in the final letters, compose a sentence. The confutadifferent places of confinement. His deposition or tion is in prose. (Theodorus Studita, Opera, apud
abdication was confirmed at a subsequent council Sirmond. Opera Varia, vol. v. p. 169, seq.) Acat Constantinople (A. D. 858 or 859), which was cording to Montfaucon there are many omissions
attended by the papal legates. in the verses as given by Sirmond, which he states
When Basil the Macedonian [BAsILIus I. MA- might be supplied from a MS. then in the Coislin
CEDO] ascended the throne (A. D. 867), by the Library; but as the poem in Sirmond's edition has
assassination of Michael III. Ignatius experienced the appearance of completeness, the accuracy of
a great change. His enemy Bardas had been assas- Montfaucon's statement may be doubted. (Fabric.
sinated during the reign and'in the presence of Bibl. Gr. vol. vii. p. 46.)
Michael, and Photius incurred the enmity of the 7. MAGISTER. [Of CONSTANTINOPLE, No.2.]
new emperor immediately on his accession, by de- 8. MoNACHUS. [Of CONSTANTINOPLE, No.
nouncing him as a murderer and a robber, and re- 2; and of XANTHOPULI, NO. 13.]
fusing to admit him to communion. Photius was 9. MONACHUS. Among the MSS. of the Rev.
consequently deposed'and banished (A. D. 867), George Wheeler, formerly canon of Durham, was a
and Ignatius restored. In effecting this change, work entitled Liber ad' Constantiunz, by Ignatius
the emperor was supported by the pope, Nicholas the monk, whether of Constantinople or of XanI., whose enmity to Photius had been increased thopuli, or a third person distinct from either,
by a dispute as to the extent of their respective we have no means of determining..(Catalogus
jurisdictions. In' the eighth general council, as- MStorum Angliae et Hiberniae; Fabric. Bibl. Gr.
sembled at Constantinople A. D. 869, the deposi- vol. vii. p. 45.)
tion of Photius and the restoration of Ignatius 10. PHILOSOPHUS. [Of SELYBRIA, No. 12.1
were ratified. An expression of the continuator of 11. SCEUOPHYLAX. [Of CONSTANTINOPLE,
Theophanes, that the emperor compelled Photius No. 2.]