A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

IGNATIUS. IGNATIUS. M5Si
or Castlabatorum. 9. Ipbs To0s hv Tcipo, AdTar- The genuineness of these remains'was now
senses; 10. lpdos'ATrLoxEts, Ad Antiochenos; -11. called into question, the acuteness of criticism being
IIpo "Hpcova, 8Ldraovov'AvLtoXeias, Ad Heronem apparently increased by a distaste for the contents
Diaconum Antiochiae; 12. 1lpd~ 4LAn Lrwrc7Trovsq Ad of the Epistles. The authors of the Centuriae MagPhilippenses. Some copies add to the title of this deburgenses were the first to express their doubts,
epistle the words Iepl BarvTl'Oa~'os, De Baptis- though with caution. and moderation.. Calvin, in
mate; an addition which by no means correctly his Institutiones, i. 3, declared that "nothing could
describes the contents. Of four of these spurious be more silly than the stuff (naeniae) which had
epistles two ancient Latin'versions are extant, the been brought out under the name of Ignatius;
common version and that published by Usher; of which rendered the impudence of those persons
that to the Philippians, there is only one version more insufferable who had set themselves to de(viz. the common). The epistle to Polycarp in ceive people by such phantoms (larvae)." It has
the common Latin version is defective; contain- been observed, however, that the parts which ining only. about one third of what is in the Greek curred Calvin's reprehension were the supposititious
text. There is also extant, both in the Greek epistles, or the parts since found to be interpolated
and in the two Latin versions, an epistle of Mary in the larger form of the genuine ones. The conof Cassobelae (called also I1po0AvTros, Proselyta) troversy grew warm: the Romish writers and the
to Ignatius, to which his letter professes to be an Episcopalians commonly contending for the genuineanswer. ness of'at least a part of the Epistles, and some of
The remaining three epistles ascribed to Ignatius the Presbyterians denying it. The three epistles
are found only in Latin: they are very short, and not extant in Greek were the first given up; but
have long been given up as spurious: they are, the rest were stoutly contended for. Several
13. S. Joanni Evangelistae; 14. Ad Eundem; however distinguished between the seven enumeand, 15, Beatae Virgini. With these is found a rated by Eusebius and the rest; and some conletter of the Virgin to Ignatius, Beata Virgo Ig- tended that even those which were genuine were
natio, professing to be an answer to his letter. interpolated. While the controversy was in this
This also is given up as spurious. The whole, state, Vedelius, a professor at Geneva, published an
indeed, of the Epistles, the first seven as well as edition (S. Ignatii quae extant Omznia, 4to. Geneva,
the rest, have been vehemently assailed,'and by 1623), in which the seven genuine were arranged
some eminent scholars; but the above statement is in apart from the other five epistles. He marked also
accordance with the general opinion of the learned. in the genuine epistles the parts which he regarded
The extent and celebrity of the controversy as interpolations. His conjectures, however, were
respecting these writings, and the importance of not happy.
the letters in their bearing on the much-disputed In 1644 appeared the edition by Archbishop
question of primitive church government, require Usher (4to. Oxford) of the Epistles of Polycarp
some notice to be taken of the discussion. In a. D. and Ignatius. This edition contained, 1. Polyear1495 the three Latin epistles and the letter of the piana Epistolarum Ignatianarmum Sylloge (PolyVirgin were printed at Paris, subjoined to the Vita carp's Collection of the Epistles of Ignatius), conet Processus S. Thomae Cantuarensis Martyris super taining Polycarp's Epistle to the Philippians, and
LibertateEcclesiastica. In A. D. 1498, three years six of the genuine epistles of Ignatius (that to
after the appearance of these letters, another col- Polycarp being referred by Usher to the next
lection, edited' by Jacobus Faber of Etaples (Sta- class) in the longer form, with the common Latin
pulensis), was printed at Paris in folio, containing version printed in parallel columns. The interthe common Latin version of eleven letters, that to polated portions, so far as they were ascertainable
Mary of Cassobelae not being among them. They by the aid of an old Latin version of the shorter
were published with some of the works ascribed to form, of which Usher had obtained two MSS. in
Dionysius Areopagita and an epistle of Polycarp. England, and which he was the first to publish,
These eleven epistles were reprinted at Venice, were distinguished by being printed in red. - This
A. D. 1502; Paris, A. D. 1515, Basel, 1520, and Stras- recension, however, by no means restored the text
burg, 1527. In 1516, the preceding fourteen to its original purity, as may be seen by the most
epistles,' with the addition of the letter to Mary cursory comparison of Usher's text with that of
of Cassobelae, were edited by Symphorianus Chain- Cotelerius and Le Clerc. The edition of Usher furperius of Lyons, and published at Paris in 4to. ther contained, 2. Epistolae B. Ignatio adscriptae a
with seven letters of St. Antony, commonly called Mediae Aetatis Graecis Sex (Six Epistles ascribed to
the Great. The whole of the letters ascribed to St. Ignatius by the Greeks of the Middle Age).
Ignatius were now before the public in Latin, nor The Epistle of Polycarp was included in this class,
does; their genuineness appear to have been as with the five spurious epistles extant in Greek.
yet suspected. They were repeatedly reprinted The common Latin version was also printed with
in the course of the sixteenth century. In A. D. these in parallel columns; and the three epistles
1557 the twelve epistles of Ignatius in Greek were which are extant only in Latin were subjoined.
published by Valentinus Paceus or Pacaeus in 3. A Latin version of eleven epistles (that to the
8vo. at Dillingen in Suabia on the Danube, from Philippians being omitted) from the two:MSS.
an Augsburg MS. They were reprinted at Paris, obtained by Usher, and now first printed. This
A. D.. 1558 with critical emendations. The same version is quite different from the common one,
twelve Greek epistles from another MS. from the and very ancient. It corresponds, in the main, to
library of Gaspar a Nydpryck, were published by the shorter text of the genuine Epistles.
Andreas'Gesner with a Latin version by Joannes The work of Usher contains also a valuable
Brunnerus, fol. Zurich, 1559. In these editions introduction and notes to the Epistles of Ignatius
the Greek text of the seven epistles was given in and Polycarp, the Apostolical Constitutions, and the
the larger form, the shorter form, both in Greek Canons ascribed to Clement of Rome. In 1646 the
and Latin, being as yet undiscovered. Epistles of Ignatius were published by Isaac Vosoo 3