A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

560 ICILIUS. ICTINUS.
to do so, his life and property should be forfeited. to the accused; The discussion upon the agrarian
(Dionys. vi. 88, vii. 14, 17; comp. Cic. pro Sest. 37.) law was then renewed, but was again interrupted
Niebuhr remarks (Hist. of Rome, vol. ii. p. 232), by an invasion of the Aequi. (Liv. iii. 31; Dionys.
that this law could not have been passed before the x. 33-43.)
Publilian law (B. C. 471), which transferred the elec- Six years afterwards (B. c. 499) Icilius was one
tion of the tribunes from the comitia centuriata to the of the chief leaders in the outbreak against the
comitia tributa, and which gave the tribunes power decemvirs. Virginia had been betrothed to him,
to originate measures in the comitia tributa, a and he boldly defended her cause before App.
power which they had not possessed in the comitia Claudius; and when at length she fell by her
centuriata. He therefore supposes that the Icilian father's hand, to save her from the lust of the delaw was enacted in B. C. 471, in which year a cemvir, Icilius bearded the tyrant, and over her
Sp. Icilius is mentioned as one of the first five dead body roused the people to throw off the yoke
tribunes elected by the tribes. (Liv. ii. 58.) of their oppressors. While Virginius induced the
It is therefore most probable that this law was not army on the Algidus to disown the decemvirs, and
passed till B. c. 471; but there is no reason for to march to the Aventine, Icilius hurried to the
believing that the Sp. Icilius who was tribune in army which was carrying on the war against the
B. c. 492, is a different person from the tribune of Sabines, and prevailed upon them likewise to desert
B. C. 471. Dionysius speaks (ix. 1) of a Sp. Icilius, the government. Both armies subsequently united
who was tribune of the plebs in B. C. 481, and who and encamped upon the Sacred Mount: the patriattempted to force the patricians to pass an agrarian cians were obliged to give way, the decemvirs relaw, by preventing them from levying troops to signed, and the tribuneship and right of appeal
carry on the war against the Aequi and Veientes. were restored to the plebs. The troops thereupon
This tribune is called by Livy (ii. 43), Sp. Licinius; returned to the Aventine; and in the election of
but if the name in Dionysius is correct, he is pro- tribunes which followed, Icilius obtained the office
bably the same as the tribune of B. c. 492, so that for the third time. On his proposition, a plebisSp. Icilius would have been tribune for the first time citum was passed, securing indemnity to all who
in 492, the second time in 481, and the third time had taken part in the insurrection. He likewise
in 471. took an active part in the subsequent proceedings
In the year after his first tribunate (B. c. 491), against App. Claudius, and he in particular came
according to the common chronology, Sp. Icilius forward as the accuser of the M. Claudius, the client
was elected to the aedileship, and took an active of the decemvir, who had claimed Virginia as his
part in the prosecution of the proud patrician, slave. Icilius is mentioned once more at the close
Coriolanus. He and his colleague L. Junius Brutus, of the year as proposing to the tribes that the conwere commanded by the tribunes to seize Coriola- suls, L. Valerius and M. Horatius, should enjoy a
nus, but were driven away by the patricians by triumph for their victory over the Sabines, an
main force; and when they afterwards attempted honour which had been refused them by the senate,
to hurl him down from the Tarpeian rock, they were on account of their popularity with the plebs. The
again prevented by the patricians. (Dionys. vii. proposition was carried; and this is mentioned as
26, 35.) the first instance in which a triumph was celebrated
2. C. 1CILIUS RUGA, is mentioned by Diony- without the authority of the senate. (Liv. iii. 44
sius (vi. 89) as one of the first five tribunes of the -54, 63; Dionys. xi. 28-46.)
plebs, upon the establishment of the office in B. c. Livy (iii. 46) speaks of a brother of Icilius, who.493. hastened with the son of Numitorius to the Roman
3. L. ICILIUS, a son of the preceding (Dionys. army, to inform Virginius of the foul plot formed
xi. 28), is described as a man of great energy and against his daughter. (Comp. Dionys. xi. 37, who
eloquence..In his first tribunate (B. c. 456), he speaks of this Icilius under the title of veavarcos,
claimed for the tribunes the right of convoking the by which he perhaps means to distinguish him from
Senate, and also carried the important law for the his brother.)
assignment of the Aventine (de Aventino publicando) 5-7. ICILIL Three of this family were elected
to the plebs, notwithstanding the furious opposition tribunes of the plebs, in B. c. 409 (Liv. iv. 54),
of the senate and the patricians. The Aventine one of whom was probably the L. Icilius, who was
had up to this time been part of the domain land, tribune of the plebs three years before, B. c. 412.
enjoyed by the patricians, to whom the plebeians (Liv. iv. 52.) The three Icilii in their tribunate
paid rent for the houses which they occupied. By urged the plebs to elect quaestors from their own
the Icilian law the patricians were indemnified for body; and this was the first time the plebeians
the value of their buildings; but it was, as Niebuhr obtained this dignity, three out of the four quaesremarks, of great importance for the independence tors being chosen from them. The Icilii also made
of the plebeians that the patricians should not be great efforts to secure the consular tribunate next
their landlords, and thus able to control their votes, year for the plebeians, but they were defeated and
and likewise, when bloody feuds were so likely to patricians elected; (Liv. iv. 54-56.)
break out, that the plebeians should be in exclusive ICTI'NUS ('IKrTVOS), a contemporary of Peripossession of a quarter of their own, and one too cles, was the architect of two of the most celebrated
so strong as the Aventine. (Dionys. x. 31, 32; of the Greek temples, namely, the great temple of
Liv. iii. 31; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome,, vol. ii. p. Athene, in the acropolis of Athens, called the Par301.) In the following year (B. c. 455), Icilius thenon, and'the temple of Apollo Epicurius, near
and his colleagues were again elected tribunes, and Phigalia in Arcadia. The former was built under
proposed an agrarian law, which the patricians pre- the administration of Pericles, and was completed
vented by open violence from being put to the vote. in B. C. 438: Callicrates was associated with Ictinus
Three patrician houses, the Cloelii, the Postumii, in the work. The latter is thought to have been
and the Sempronii, were brought to trial, and their completed before B. c. 431, on the ground that it
property confiscated; but the patricians restored it is not likely that Ictinus built it after the breaking