A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

ICELUS. iCILIUS. t59'Fortuna (s. De Vita) sua, our knowledge of Icarius gods, says Ovid (Met. xi. 640), called him Icelus,
is derived. (Comp. Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. but men called him Phobetor. [L. S.]
v. p. 108, &c. 227, &c.) [J. C. M.]'CELUS, MARCIA'NUS, a freedman of
I'CARUS ("IKapos), a son of Daedalus. On Galba, who was arrested by Nero on the first
his flight from Crete, his father attached to his tidings of his patron's defection, but released
body wings made of wax, and advised him not to when the revolt against the emperor extended to,fly too high; but Icarus, forgetting the advice of Rome. Having given up Nero's body to his freedhis father, flew so high that the sun melted the women for sepulture, Icelus hurried from Rome to
wings, and Icarus fell down into the sea, which Clunia in Hispania Tarraconensis with the news of
was called after him, the Icarian. (Ov. Met. viii. Nero's death, and of Galba's nomination to the
1-95; Hygin. Fab. 40,) His body, which was empire by the army and the senate, A. D. 68.
washed on shore, was said to have been buried by His earnest representations removed Galba's fears,
Heracles. (Paus. ix. 11.) The ancients explained and he rewarded Icelus with the rank and golden:the fable of the wings of Icarus, by understanding ring of an eques, and with the honorary addition
by it the invention of sails; and in fact some tradi- of Marcianus to his former name. Icelus was the
tions stated that Daedalus and Icarus fled from most ignoble, the most powerful, and not the least
Crete in a ship. Diodorus (iv. 77) relates that rapacious of Galba's freedmen and favourites.
Icarus, while ascending into the air in the island (Plut. Galb. 7; comp. Dion Cass. lxiv. 2.). In
of Icaria, fell down through his carelessness, and the parties that divided the imperial council he
~was drowned. Respecting the connection of Icarus supported Cornelius Laco, the praetorian prefect
with the early history of art, see DAEDALUS. [L. S.] [LAco], and with him opposed the adoption of M.
I'CCIUS. 1. A noble of Rheims in Gallia Bel- Salvius Otho. After Galba's murder, which was
gica, who headed a deputation of his townsmen to perhaps accelerated by Icelus' advice, Icelus was
Caesar in B. C. 57, placing their state at Caesar's dis- executed by Otho's command as a libertinus, withposal, and praying his aid against the other Belgic out regard to his new equestrian dignity. (Tac.
communities then in arms against Rome. Iccius Hist. i. 13, 33, 37, 46, ii. 95; Suet. Ner. 49, Galb.
defended Bibrax (Bievre) against the other tribes 14, 22.) [W. B. D.]
of the Belgae immediately after his return from ICHNAEA ('Ixvyaa), that is, the tracing godCaesar's quarters. (Caes. B. G. ii. 3, 6.) dess, occurs as a surname of Themis, though in her
2. M., was appointed praetor of Sicily by M. case it may have been derived from the town of
Antony just before the departure of the latter for Ichnae, where she was worshipped (Hom. Hymn.n
Cisalpine Gaul, in November, B. C. 44. (Cic. Plhil. in Apoll. Del. 94; Lycoph. 129; Strab. ix. p. 435;
iii. 10.) Steph. Byz. s.v. vIXvat), and a surname of Nemesis.
3. A friend of Horace, who addressed to him an (Brunck, Anal. ii. pp. 1. 86.) [L. S.]
ode (Carm. i. 29), and an epistle (Ep. i. 12). The I'CHTHYAS ('IX6das), the son of Metallus, and
ode was written in B. C. 25, when Iccius was pre- a disciple of Euclid of Megara, is spoken of as a
paring to join Aelius Gallus [GALLUS, AELIUS] distinguished man, to whom Diogenes the cynic
in his expedition to Arabia, and in it Horace dis- inscribed a dialogue. (Diog. Laert. ii. 112; Athen.
suades Iccius from quitting security and philo- viii. p. 335, a.)
sophy for doubtful gains and certain hardships. ICHTHYOCENTAURUS ('IxOvoiCevTavpos),
The epistle was composed about ten years after- that is, a fish-centaur, or a particular kind of Triwards, when Iccius had become Vipsanius Agrippa's ton. Ichthyocentauri were fabulous beings, the
steward in Sicily, and had resumed his philoso- upper part of whose body was conceived to have a
phical studies, without, however,acquiring the art of human form, and the lower that of a fish, while the
content. In both poems Horace reprehends point- place of the hands was occupied by a horse's feet.
edly, but delicately, in Iccius an inordinate desire They differed from the ordinary Tritons by the fact:for wealth. The immediate occasion of the epistle that the latter were simply half men and half fish,
was to introduce Pompeius Grosphus [GROSPHUS] and had not the feet of horses. (Tzetz. ad Lycoph.
to Iccius. Iccius has been defended from the im- 34, 886, 892.) [L. S.]
putation of avarice by Jacobs (Rhein. Mus. ii. 1, ICI'LIA GENS, plebeian, distinguished in the
Verm. Sc/sr. v. p. 1-30). [W. B. D.] early history of the republic for its resistance to the
ICCUS CIKKcOS). 1. Of Tarentum, a distin- patricians, and its support of the liberties of the
guished athlete and teacher of gymnastics. Pau- plebeians. Many members of the gens bore the
sanias (vi. 10. ~ 2) calls him the best gymnast of surname of RUGA, but as they are more frequently
his age, that is, of the period about 01. 77, or B. C. mentioned without than with this cognomen, they
470; and Plato also mentions him with great are all given under ICILIUS.
praise (de Leg. viii. p. 840, Protag. p. 316, with ICI'LIUS. 1. SP. ICILIUS, was one of the
the Schol.; comp. Lucian, Quomodo Hist. sit con- three envoys sent by the plebeians, after their
scrib. 35; Aelian, V. H. xi. 3). He looked upon secession to the Sacred Mount, to treat with the
temperance as the fruit of gymnastic exercises, senate. (B. c. 494.) He does not appear to have
and was himself a model of temperance. Iambli- been elected one of the first tribunes, upon the
chus (Vit. Pythag. 36) calls him a Pythagorean, establishment of the office in B. c. 493; but he was
and, according to Themistius (Orat. xxiii. p. chosen tribune of the plebs for the following year
350, ed. Dindorf), Plato reckoned him among the (B. c. 492). In his tribunate he vehementlyattacked
sophists. the senate on account of the dearness of provisions,
2. Of Epidaurus, a person who was killed by and as the patricians attempted to put him down,
Cleomenes at Olympia in a boxing match. (Paus. he introduced and procured the enactment of a law
vi. 9. ~ 3.) [L. S.] ordaining, that whosoever should interrupt a tribune
I'CELUS, the son of Somnus, and brother of when addressing the people, should give security to
Morpheus, was believed to shape the dreams which the tribunes for the payment of whatsoever fine
came to man, -whence he derived his name.. The they might inflict upon him, and that if he refased