A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

t5&5 ~llD3IARITJ. r'L ICARIYS.
guided by a dolphin (Apollo), came to Mount Par- Spara, while Icarius remained in Acarnania. Acnassus,. and there gave Delphi and Crissa their cording'to Apollodorus (iii. 10. ~ 5), however,
names. (Serv. ad Aen. iii. 332.) [L. S.] Icarius also returned. Another tradition relates
ICA'RIUS ('IKcpeos), also called Icarus and that Icarius, who sided with Hippocoon, assisted
Icarion. 1. An Athenian, who lived in the reign him in expelling Tyndareus from Sparta. (Paus.
of Pandion, and hospitably received Dionysus on iii. 1. ~ 4; Eustath. 1. c.-; Schol. ad Eurip. Orest.
his arrival in Attica. The god showed him his 447.) While in Acarnania, Icarius became the
gratitude by teaching him the cultivation of the father of Penelope,Alyzeus, and Leucadius, by Polyvine, and giving him-bags filled with wine. Icarius caste, the daughter of Lygaeus: according to others
now rode -about in a chariot, and distributed the he was married to Dorodoche, or Asterodeia.
precious gifts of the god; but some shepherds whom (Strab. x. pp. 452, 461; Eustath. ad Horn. p. 1417;
their friendsintoxicated with wine, and who thought Schol. ad Horn. Od. xv. 16.) Others again relate
that they were poisoned by Icarius, slew him, and that by the Naiad Periboea he became the father
threw his body into the well Anygrus, or buried it of Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes (Qr
under a tree. His daughter Erigone (for he was Semus and Auletes), Perileus, and Penelope.
married to Phanothea, the inventor of the hexameter, (Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 6; Paus. viii. 31. ~ 2; Tzetz.
Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 366), or as some call her ad Lycoph. 5l1; Schol. ad Hornm. Od. xv. 16;
Aletis, after a long search, found his grave, to which Eustath. ad Hornom. p. 1773.) In the Odyssey (iv.
she was conducted by his faithful dog Maera. From 797, i. 329) Iphthime also is mentioned as one of
grief she hung herself on the tree under which he his daughters. When his daughter Penelope had
was buried. Zeus or Dionysus placed her, together grown up, he promised her hand to the victor in a
with Icarius and his cup, among the stars, making foot-race, in which he desired the suitors to conErigone the Virgin, lcarius Boites or Arcturus, and tend, and Odysseus won the prize (Paus. iii. 12.
Maera the dog-star. The god then punished the ~ 2); but according to others, Tyndareus sued for
ungrateful Athenians with. a plague or a mania, the hand of Penelope for Odysseus, from gratitude
in which all the Athenian maidens hung themselves for a piece of advice which Odysseus had given him.
as Erigonehad done. (Comp.Gellius, xv. 10.) The (Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 9.) When Penelope was beoracle, when consulted, answered, that Athens trothed to Odysseus, Icarius tried to persuade the
should be delivered from the calamity as soon as latter to remain at Sparta, but Odysseus declined
-Erigone should be propitiated, and her and her doing this, and departed with Penelope. Icarius
father's body should be found. The bodies were followed his daughter, entreating her to remain;
not discovered, but- a festival called aalpa or and as Odysseus demanded of her to give a dedaAt7Ttes, was instituted in honour of Erigone, and cided answer as to what she meant to do, she was
fruits were offered up as a sacrifice to her and her silent, but at length she modestly covered her face,
father. The do&oXcao6's, or dancing on a leather and declared that she would follow her husband.
bag. filled with air and smeared with oil, at the Icarius then desisted from further entreaties, and
festivals of Dionysus, was likewise traced to Icarius, erected a statue of Modesty on the spot. (Paus.
who was said to have killed a ram for having in- iii. 20. ~ 10.) [L. S.]
jured the vines, to have made a bag of his skin, ICA'RIUS, a son of the notary Theodorus,
and then performed a dance. (Hygin. Poet. Astr. who, with others, was put to death by the emperor
ii. 4.) Another tradition states that the murderers Valens at Antioch A. D. 371, for seeking by maof Icarius: fled to the island of Cos, which was gical arts to ascertain who was to be the successor
therefore visited by a drought, during which the of that emperor. Icarius was distinguished by his
fields were burned, and epidemics prevailed. Aris- literary attainments; and Tillemont is disposed to
taeus prayed to his father, Apollo, for help, and identify him with the rhetorician mentioned by
Apollo advised him to propitiate Icarius with many Augustin in his Confessiones, to whom Tillemont
sacrifices, and to beg Zeus to send the winds called gives the name of Icarius; but in the editions of
Etesiae, which Zeus, in consequence, made blow at Augustin which we have consulted the rhetorician is
the rising of the dog-star for forty days. One of not called Icarius. Icarius wrote a poem in honour
the Attic demi derived its name from Icarius. of the emperor Theodosius the Great; and received
(Apollod. iii. 14. ~ 7; Paus. i. 2. ~ 4; HIygin. from him, apparently in return for this compliment,
Fab. 130, Poet. Astr. ii. 4, 25; Serv. ad Virg. the dignity of comes Orientis. He appears to have
Georg. i. 67, 218, ii. 389; Eustath. ad Horn. pp. been a pagan; a man of suspicious temper, and
389, 1535; Tibull. iv. 1, 9; Propert. ii. 33, 29; easily led byothers into acts to which probably his
Ov. lMet, vi. 126, x. 451; Pollux, iv. 55; Steph. own disposition would not have prompted him.
Byz. s. v.'IKcapla; Hesych. s. v. AioJpa,'Ahris; When he entered upon his office, A. D. 384, AnWelcker, Nacktrag z. Aeschyl. Tril. p. 222, &c.) tioch was suffering from a severe famine, and he
2. A Lacedaemonian, a son of Perieres and Gor- made matters worse by threats against the bakers,
gophone, a grandson of Aeolus or Cynortas, and a in order to induce them to sell at a fixed price, an
brother of -Aphareus, Leucippus, and Tyndareus. arbitrary proceeding which induced them to take
(Apollod. i. 9. ~ 5, iii. 10. ~ 3; Tzetz. ad Lycoplh. to flight. The sophist Libanius, to whom Icarius
511.) Others called him-a grandson of Perieres, had shown great respect as to a father, induced
and a son of Oebalus by Bateia (Apollod. iii. 10. him to recal his threats; but Icarius soon reverted
~ 4; Eustath. ad Horn. p. 293), or a son'of Oebalus to his arbitrary proceedings. Libanius addressed
and Gorgophone, and a grandson of Cynortas. three Orations to Icarius, one hortatory, the others
(Paus. iii. 1. ~ 4.) Hippocoon, a natural son of invectives. The second invective is not given in
Oebalus, expelled his two brothers, Tyndareus the edition of the works of Libanius by Morell (2
and Icarius, from Lacedaemon: they fled to Thes- vols. fol. Paris, 1606-] 627),but was first-published
tius at Pleuron, and dwelt beyond the river in the edition of Reiske, 4 vols. 8vo. Altenburg,
Achelous. Subsequently, when Heracles had slain 1791-97. From these Orations, and from the
Hiippocoon and his sons, Tyndareus returned to discourse of Libanius, lIspl -Tr eavuroO Tvx71s, De