A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

IACCHUJS. JACOBRUS. S4,5
iii. 10. ~ 1;' Hygin. Fab. 195; Schol. ad Horn. 1. -Semele, nay, in some traditions Iacchus is' called a
xviii. 486.) Respecting his treasures see AGA- son of Bacchus, but in others the two are conMEDES. [L. S.] founded and identified. (Soph. Antig. 1115, &c.,
HYRMINE (TrpyChdv), a daughter of Neleus, 1154; Strab. x. p. 468; Virg. Eclog. vi. 15; Ov.
or Nycteus, or, according to others, of Epeius and Met. iv. 15.) He is also identified with the infernal
Anaxiroe. She was the wife of Phorbas, and the Zagreus, the son of Zeus and Persephone. (Schol.
mother of Augeas and Actor. (Schol. ad Apollon. ad,Pind. Ist/am. vii. 3, ad Eurip. Orest. 952, ad
R/hod. i. 173; Pans. v. 1. ~ 4; Eustath. ad Horn. -Aristopk. Ran. 401, 479; Arrialn, 1. c.) At Athens
p. 303.) The Argonaut Tiphys is likewise called a statue of Iacchus, bearing a torch in his hand,
a son of Phorbas and Hyrmine. (Hygin. Fab. was seen by the side of those of Demeter and Cora.
14.) LL. S.] (Paus. i. 2. ~ 4, 37. ~ 3.) At the celebration of the
HYRNE'THO ('Tpvrq0w'), a daughter of Teme- great Eleusinian mysteries in honour of Demeter,
nus, and wife of Deiphontes. Her tomb and a Persephone, and Iacchus, the statue of the last diheroum, with a sacred grove, were shown at Epi- vinity, carrying a torch and adorned with a myrtle
daurus and Argos. (Paus. ii. 23, ~ 3, 28. ~ 3; wreath, was carried on the sixth day of the festival
Apollod. ii. 8. ~ 5.) [L. S.] (the 20th of Boedromion) from the temple of DeHY'RTACUS (Trp'ratcos), a Trojan, the hus- meter across the Thriasian plain to Eleusis, accomband of Arisbe, and father of Asius and Nisus, who panied by a numerous and riotous procession of the
are hence called Hyrtacides. (Hom. II. ii. 837, initiated, who sang the Iacchus, carried mystic
&c.; Apollod. iii. 12, ~ 5; Virg. Aen. ix. 177, 406.) baskets, and danced amid the sounds of cymbals
A second personage of this name occurs in Virgil. and trumpets. (Schol. ad Pind. Isthm. vii. 3; Plut.
(Aen. v. 492.) [L. S.] T/lemist. 15, Camill. 19; Herod. viii. 65; Athen.
HYSMON ("Toauwv), an Eleian athlete, who v.. 213; Virg. Georg. i. 166.) In some traditions
began when a boy to practise the pentathlon as a Iacchus is described as the companion of Baubo or
cure for rheumatism, and who was victorious in that Babo, at the time when she endeavoured to cheer
kind of contest, once in the Olympian games, and the mourning Demeter by lascivious gestures; and
once in the Nemean: from the Isthmian games the it is perhaps in reference to this Iacchus that
Eleians were excluded. His statue in the Altis at Suidas and Hesychius call Iacchus Apwr rsS. [L. S.]
Olympia, representing him as holding old-fashioned' JACO'BUS ('IcaKCgos). 1. Of ALEXANDRIA,,halteres, was the work of Cleon. (Paus. vi. 3.. ~ 4.) called PSYCHRISTUS or PSYCOCHRISTUS, a physi[CLEON.] [P. S.] cian who lived in the reign of the emperor Leo I.
HYSTASPES ('TaTiodsr; in Persian, Gosh- Thrax (A. D. 457-474), mentioned by Photius
tasp, Gustasp, Histasp, or Wistasp). 1. The son (Bibl. Cod. 242), and by Tillemont, who has supof Arsames, and father of Dareius I., was a member plied many references respecting him. (Hist. des
of the Persian royal house of the Achaemenidae..Enmp. vol. vi. 376.)
He was satrap of Persis under Cambyses, and pro- 2. BARADAEUS. [SeeNo. 7.]
bably under Cyrus also. He accompanied Cyrus 3. Bishop of BATNE or BATNAE (BarV7Y or
on his expedition against the Massagetae; but he Ba'rval), a town now called Saruj, in the district of
was sent back to Persis, to keep watch over his Sarug or Saruj, in Osrhoene, about 30 miles E. of
eldest son Dareius, whom Cyrus, in consequence of Birtha, on the Euphrates. Jacobus is variously
a dream, suspected of meditating treason. [DA- designated from his bishopric BATNAEiUS and SAREIus.] Besides Dareius, Hystaspes had two RUGENSIS. He is also. called SAPIENS or the
sons, Artabanus and Artanes. (Herod. i. 209, WIsE. He was born about A. D. 452, at Curta210, iii. 70, iv. 83, vii. 224.) Ammianus Mar- mum, near the Euphrates. His parents had long
cellinus (xxiii. 6) makes him a chief of the Ma- been childless, and his birth was regarded as an
gians, and tells a story of his studying in India answer to prayer. When he grew up he became
under the Brahmins. His name occurs in the eminent for learning and eloquence, and when in
inscriptions at Persepolis. (Grotefend, Beilage -zn his 68th year A. D. 519, was chosen bishop of
Heeren's Ideen.) Batnae, - e died in less than three years after his
2. The son of Dareius I. and Atossa, commanded elevation to the bishopric, A. D. 522, aged 70. He
the Bactrians and Sacae in the army of his brother has been charged by Renaudot with holding the
Xerxes. (Herod. vii. 64.) [P. S.] Monophysite doctrine, but Assemani defends him
from the charge, and vindicates his orthodoxy. His
works, of which many are extant, were written in
I. J. - Syriac: they comprehended aLiturgy, of which a
Latin version is given by Renaudot; a Baptismal
IACCHUS ('IacXos), the solemn name of the Service; Homilies, some in prose and some metrical;
mystic Bacchus at Athens and Eleusis. The on the saints of the Old and New Testament, and
Phrygian Bacchus was looked upon in the Eleusinian the incarnation, death, burial, and resurrection of
mysteries as a child, and as such he is described as Jesus Christ; and Letters. A Letter, which he wrote
the son of Demeter (Deo or Calligeneia) and Zeus, during an invasion of the eastern frontier by the
and as the brother of Cora, that is, the male Cora Persian king, Cavades, or Cabadis, in the beginning
or Corus. (Aristoph. Ran. 338; Soph. Antig. 1121, of the 6th century, encouraged the inhabitants to
&c.; Orph. Hymn. 51, 11.) His name was de- resist the invaders. The memory of Jacobus is
rived from the boisterous festive song which is reverenced both in the Maronite and Jacobite
likewise called Iacchus. (Aristoph. Ran. 321, churches. He is not to be confounded with the
400; Herod. viii. 65; Arrian, Anab. ii. 16.) From Jacobus, a Syrian saint, mentioned by Procopius
these statements (comp. Schol. ad Aristoph. Ran. (de Bello Persico, i. 7) who- lived about half a
326), it is clear that the ancients distinguished century before the bishop of Batnae. (Assemani,
Iacchus, the son of Zeus and Demeter, from the Bibl. Orient. vol. i. p. 274, 283, &c.; Renaudot,
Theban Bacchus (Dionysus), the son of Zeus and Liturgiae Orientales, vol. ii. p. 356, &c.; Cave,
VOL. II. N N