A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology. By various writers. Ed. by William Smith. Illustrated by numerous engravings on wood.

HYtPERiDES. HYPERIDES. 539
chius, probably also the same, is metltioned in the equipped two triremes at their own expense. (Plut.
letters of Symmachuls. (Amm. Marc. xxvi. 8, 1. c. p. 849, f.; comp. Dem. de Coron. p. 259, in
with the notes of Valesius; Libanius, Epist. 1285, Allid. p. 566.) In the same spirit he acted on an
1286, et alibi, ed. Wolf; Greg. Nazianz. Opera, embassy to Rhodes (Plut. 1. c, p. 850, a.), in B. c.
vol. ii. p. 113, ed. Caillau, Paris, 1840; Basil. 346, when he, like Demosthenes, took up the
Opera, vol. iii. pars 2, p. 655, ed. Paris, 1839; prosecution against the treacherous Philocrates
Gothof. Prosop. Cod. T/eodos.; Tillemont, Hist. (Dem. de Fals. Leg. p. 276), in the expedition
des Emnp. vol. v.) against Byzantium, in B. C. 340 (Plut. p. 848, e.),
2. A Greek grammarian of Alexandria, who lived and more especially in B. c. 338, after the fatal
in the time of the emperor Marcian (A. D. 450-457), battle of Chaeroneia, when Hyperides, with the
and wrote some Wvorks on grammar, severally en- view of making a desperate resistance against
titled, 1. TeXv l'ypaeylaa'rtC; 2. Ilepl vopLua'cv; Philip, proposed that all women and children
and 3. Ilepl bfp~anos Kal dpOoypaedarS. He was should be taken to Peiraeeus, that the slaves
banished by the emperor Leo I., successor of Mar- should be emancipated, that the resident aliens
cian. (Suidas, s. v. Aenwv 6 MaIcEX;-s,'TirepeXtos; should receive the rights of citizens, and that all
Fabr. Bibl. Gr. vol. vi. p. 370.) [J. C. M.] who were labouring under atimia should be restored
HYPERE'NOR ('T7rep7ivwp), one of the Spar- to their former rights. (Lycurg. c. Leocrat. ~
tae, or the men that grew up from the dragon's teeth 41; Dem. c. Aristog. ii. p. 803; Plut. p. 848, f.)
sown by Cadmus, was worshipped as a hero at The plan was not carried into effect, on account of
Thebes. (Apollod. iii. 4. ~ 1; Pans. ix. 5. ~ 1; the general despondency which then prevailed at
Hygin. Fab. 178.) There are two other mythical Athens, but the good intentions of Hyperides were
personages of this name, one a son of Poseidon and rewarded and acknowledged by his fellow-citizens;
Alcyone (Apollod. iii. 10. ~ 1), and the other a for when the sycophant Aristogeiton brought an
son of the Trojan Panthous, who was slain by accusation against him for his proposal, the people
Menelaus. (Hom. II. xiv. 516, xvii. 24.) [L. S.] acquitted him. Philip's death inspired the patriots
HY'PERES ('Tirsepps). 1. A son of Poseidon with new hopes, and Hyperides, though we have
and Alcyone, and king of Troezene, from whom the no express testimony for it, must be supposed to
town of Hypereia derived its name. (Paus. ii. 30. have joined those who were resolved to shake off
~ 7.) The island of Calauria, off the coast of Troe- the Macedonian yoke, and with this view formed
zene, was likewise believed to have received from an alliance with Thebes, for he was afterwards one
him the name of Hypereia (Plut. Quaest. Gr. 19). of those whose surrender was demanded by AlexStephanus Byzantinus (s.v.'Tsrepicrea) and Eusta- ander. (Arrian, Alzab. i. 10. ~ 7.) This danger
thius (ad Hom. pp. 291, 332) call him a son of passed over, but Hyperides was not intimidated,
Lycaon. and he again ventured to oppose the Macedonians,
2. A son of Melas and Eurycleia, who dwelt when their king demanded of the Athenians to
near the well of Hypereia near Pherae, which de- furnish him with ships for his expedition against
rived its name from him. (Schol ad Pind Pythi. iv. Persia. (Plut. p. 848, d; comp. p. 847, c.) The
221.) [L. S.] unfortunate disturbances caused by the arrival of
HYPERI/DES ('Trteped7/s or'Tirep~r8s), a ce- Harpalus at Athens in B. C. 324 seem to have dislebrated Attic orator, was the son of Glaucippus, turbed the friendly relation which until then had
and belonged to the Attic demus of Collytus. He existed between Hyperides and Demosthenes; for
was a friend of Demosthenes, and with him and we find him in the equivocal position of a public
Lycurgus he was at the head of the anti-Mace- accuser of Demosthenes. (Plut. p. 846, c. 848, f.;
donian party. His birth-year is unknown, but he Lucian, Encom. Demn. 31.) Plutarch states that
must have been of about the same age-as Lycurgus, Hyperides was found to have been the only man
who was born in B. c. 396. (Plut. Vit. X. Orat. p. who had not received any money from Harpalus;
848, d.; Diog. Laert. iii. 46.) Throughout his and it may therefore be that he was compelled to
public career he joined the patriots with the utmost act the part of an accuser, or he may have hoped
determination and his whole soul, and remained to be able to give to the matter a more favourable
faithful to them to the last, and through all the turn for Demosthenes, by coming forward as acdangers and catastrophes by which Athens was cuser. But this whole transaction is involved in
weighed down successively under Philip, Alexan- great obscurity; all we can safely say is, that
der, and Antipater. This stedfast adherence to the about this time there was a sort of rupture between
good-caiuse may have been owing in a great measure the two orators, but whether it existed previous to
to thyiinfluence which his friend Demosthenes and the arrival of Harpalus, or whether it was brought
Lycurgus exercised upon him, for he seems to have about by the disputes respecting Harpalus, is iunnaturally been a person of a vacillating character; certain. Afterwards, however, Hyperides and Deand Plutarch (I. c. p. 849, d.) states that he some- mosthenes became reconciled. (Plut. p. 849, b.)
times; gave way to his passions, which were not Hispolitical conduct, however, was not affected by
alw:ys of the noblest kind. (Comp. Athen. viii. the enmity with Demosthenes. When the news
p. 243, xiii. p. 590.) In philosophy he was a of Alexander's death arrived at Athens, Hyperides
pupil of Plato (Diog. Laert. iii. 46), and Isocrates is said to have proposed that a crown should be
trained and developed his oratorical talent. (Athen. given to Iollas, who was believed to have poisoned
viii. p. 342; Phot. Bibl. Cod. 260, p. 487.) He the king (Plut. p. 849, e, Alex. 77; Arrian,
began his career by conducting lawsuits of others Anab. vii. 27); but this account is very doubtful,
in the courts of justice. (Plut. 1. c. p. 448, e.) Our though it is certain that it was mainly owing to his
information respecting his life is very meagre, but exertions that the Lamian war was brought about
it seems that he first displayed his patriotic feelings (Plut. PSoc. 23, Vit. X. Orat. pp. 848, e, 849, b;
in B. C. 358, by the sacrifices he made for the public Justin, xiii. 5), and after the death of Leosthenes,
good during the expedition against Euboea, for on he delivered the funeral oration upon those who
that occasion he and his son are said to have had fallen in the war. (Diod. xviii. 3.).. But aftei